新中国成立70年来体育教育专业人才培养的演变与特征分析

研究新中国成立70年来体育教育专业人才培养特征与演变规律，是呈现体育教育专业发展历史的需要，是推动体育教育专业发展和改革的一项基础性工程。采用文献资料法、历史法、专家访谈法和逻辑分析法，对体育教育专业发展规模、专业定位、培养方案、课程设置、教学模式等方面开展研究，结果表明：新中国成立70年来，体育教育专业经历了学习与移植、探索与挫折、混乱与恢复、开放与改革、提速与跨越、实践与创新的演变过程。表现出专业规模不断扩大、培养目标由单一向多元发展、课程设置逐渐模块化和弹性化、选修课和实践课学时逐步增加、总学分缓慢降低、人才培养模式多样、教学方法不断更新等特征。这些演变是基于国际国内的政治、经济、文化和科技发展的历史缘由。当下，专业认证已全面铺开，坚持"一流专业"建设是培养卓越体育教师的根与本。

Evolution and Characteristics of P.E. Talent Training in 70 Years since the Founding of P.R.C

Study of the history of the talent training of the discipline of P.E and physical education specialty is necessary for promoting the development and reform of the discipline of P.E. Through literature and historical review, expert interview and logical analysis, this paper revealed the development scale, orientation, program design, curriculum and teaching mode of the discipline of P.E. The results showed that since the founding of P.R.C, the discipline had experienced the process of learning and transplantation, exploration and frustration, chaos and recovery, opening and reform, speeding up and leapfrogging, practice and innovation. It was characterized by the continuous expansion of professional scale, the development of training objectives from singularity to pluralism, the gradual modularization and flexibility of curriculum, the gradual increase of hours of elective courses and practical courses, the decrease of total credits, the diversity of personnel training modes, and the constant updating of teaching methods. These evolutions were based on the historical reasons of international and domestic political, economic, cultural and scientific development. At present, professional certification has been fully rolled out, and adhering to the construction of "first-class specialty" is the root and foundation of training outstanding physical education teachers.