监管主体与对位罚则——电子竞技场域中假赛惩处的机制建构研究

在电子竞技的综合影响力和关注度逐年增高的背景下，频频发生的假赛事件也给电子竞技场域带来了难以估量的负面影响；而构建周全且高效的电竞假赛惩处机制即是整顿赛事环境、改善竞赛风气的当务之急。目前，电竞假赛的监管主体呈现出多元分立的局面：在实然主体方面，电竞俱乐部对应的是"初步"罚则，并以单方解除合同为主要措施；游戏厂商、联盟对应的是"核心"罚则，并以禁赛和禁止关联行为等为主要措施；在应然主体方面，电竞协会难以行使实质意义上的处罚权；而国家机关对应的则是"校正"罚则，即有必要通过行政处罚和刑罚来对现有机制加以补充或补强，从而借助惩处力度的强化来还电竞赛场一方净土。

Supervisory Subjects and Counterpoint Penalties: Research on Construction of Punishment Mechanism of Fake Matches in E-sports Field

With the increasing influence of E-sports, frequent match-fixing has brought an incalculable negative impact on the E-sports field. Under this context, the establishment of a comprehensive and efficient E-sports match-off punishment mechanism is the top priority to rectify the match environment and improve the atmosphere of competition. At present, the supervisory subjects of E-sports fake matches are diversified and separated. In terms of actual subjects, the "preliminary" penalties are applied to the E-sports club, and unilateral termination of the contract is the main measure. The "core" penalty rules are applied to the game manufacturers/alliances, and the main measures include banning matches and prohibiting associated behaviors. In terms of the obligatory subject, it is difficult for the E-sports association to exercise the right to punish in a substantial sense. The "correction" penalties applied by the government agencies means it is necessary to supplement or reinforce the existing mechanisms through administrative punishment and penalties so as to restore and ensure the fairness of the E-sports field through enhanced penalties.