《欧洲人权公约》与国际体育仲裁的关系综述

目前学界对《欧洲人权公约》（ECHR）与国际体育仲裁的关系研究，主要从ECHR对国际体育仲裁院（CAS）仲裁程序、CAS案件实体问题的适用两个方面展开。除了ECHR第6.1条对CAS仲裁程序具有直接横向效力这一已为实践支持的结论外，学界对ECHR的刑事程序性条款和实体性人权条款在CAS仲裁中的适用效力，仍存在争议。虽然否定其效力者解释了当前实践的合理性，但是支持其效力者的论述更有说服力，他们通过分析体育纪律处罚的准刑事性、体育仲裁的强制性和体育组织规则与人权保护的冲突，呼吁国际体育纠纷解决机构以合体系的方式统一直接适用ECHR相关条款，并建议改革CAS内部机制。既有研究为未来研究奠定了坚实的基础，未来研究可以补充国际法视角：联结ECHR与国际人权法，丰富CAS仲裁的法源；结合传统法理学和新兴国际法学理论，加强规范研究；从不同主体、具体条款着手探索ECHR在CAS仲裁中的适用，以及CAS仲裁对ECHR的作用。

Literature Review on the Relation between the European Convention on Human Rights and International Sports Arbitration

The current study on the relation between the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and international sports arbitration can be attributed to two aspects: ECHR applicable to the arbitration procedure of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) and ECHR applicable to the merits of CAS cases. In addition to the conclusion that Article 6.1 of ECHR has direct horizontal effect on CAS arbitration procedure, which has been supported by practice, there are still disputes over the applicabili- ty of criminal procedural articles and substantive human rights articles of ECHR to the CAS arbitration procedure and to the merit in CAS. Although those who negate the applicability of ECHR explain the rationality of the current practice, the arguments of those who support the applicability are more persuasive. By analyzing the quasi-criminal nature of sports disciplinary punishment, the compulsory nature of sports arbitration and the conflict between sports organization rules and human rights protection, the supporters call for the unity application of the relevant articles of ECHR in a systematic manner by the international sports dispute resolution institutions, and suggest reforming the internal mechanism of CAS. The current study has accumulated rich achievements and laid a solid foundation for future study. Future study may supplement the perspective of international law, connecting ECHR and international human rights law, so as to enrich the legal source of CAS arbitration. The study has also proposed to combine traditional jurisprudence and emerging international law theory to strengthen normative research, explore how ECHR apply in CAS arbitration from different subjects and specific clauses and how CAS arbitration affect ECHR.