婴儿期睡眠/觉醒时间的观察

目的 本研究在家庭自然环境下,通过对婴儿生后第一年睡眠/觉醒行为的纵向随访,探索婴儿期睡眠、觉醒时间的发展变化过程.方法 研究对象来自全国9个城市,共52A名足月健康新生儿,自婴儿生后2 d始,通过家长睡眠日记采集新生儿期每周连续3 d,2～12月龄连续7 d婴儿睡眠/觉醒行为的相关信息.结果 婴儿白天睡眠时间在0～2、3～4、5～6和8～9月龄变化显著,其中生后第1个月发展速率最快,白天睡眠时间构成比从生后2 d的82.4%下降至1月龄的62.8%;2、4、6和9月龄的睡眠时间构成比分别为56.6%、48.2%、42.7%和35.7%;白天睡眠次数从生后2 d的3.7次减少为12月龄的2次.婴儿夜间连续睡眠能力从生后1个月起逐步增强,4月龄时最长连续睡眠时间延长至6.8 h,6月龄后夜醒次数少于0.5次;同时夜晚睡眠时间在4和9月龄时显著增加,夜间睡眠时间构成比从生后2 d的55.8%分别增加至4月龄的64.3%和9月龄的71.2%.整体上,婴儿期24 h睡眠时间随月龄增加呈下降趋势.结论 0～6和8～9月龄是婴儿睡眠/觉醒时间发展的关键阶段.

Development of sleep/wake patterns in infants during the first 12 months of life

Objective This was a nationwide study of sleep circadian in term infants.The aim was to understand the development characteristics of infants'sleep/wake patterns longitudinally in their own home envimnments over the first 12 months of life.Method Totally 524 healthy term infants from 9 urban districts took part in this project.Their sleep/wake patterns over 24 h were recorded using parental sleep diaries,from the 2nd day to 12 months old Result The results showed that infant daytime sleep changed significantly at 0-2,3-4,5-6,and 8-9 months after birth,and the change was the fastest in the first month,the mean percentage of daytime sleep decreased from 82.4% at Day 2 to 62.8%at 1 month old.Also,the average number of naps reduced from 3.7 to 2 across the infancy.The ability of contnuous sleep throughout the night gradually enhanced from 1 month old,and the nocturnal longest sleep time extended to 6.8 h at 4 months of age as well as the nighttime awakening frequency less than 0.5 over 6 months old.Additionally,the nighttime sleep increased significantly at 4 and 9 months after birth,where the proportion of nighttime sleep inereased from 55.8%at Day 2 to 64.3% of 4 months and 71.2% of 9 months respectively.In general,the total sleep time over a 24 h period presented a downward trend ag the infant aged.Conclusion The periods 0-6 and 8-9 months after birth were the key periods for the development of infant sleep.