恐怖袭击与应急医学救援对策

近年来，恐怖袭击活动在世界范围内蔓延，已成为人类社会的公害。中提出了恐怖袭击的界定及其类型，按恐怖袭击手段可分为核、化、生、爆炸和劫持5种类型；按实施的意识形态可分为极端宗教型、极端民族型、极端邪教型、极端黑社会型、极右型和极左型等6种；按实施的范围可分为集团型、国家型和跨国型3种。恐怖袭击特点在于手段的残忍性、行动的诡秘性、恐怖袭击效果的惨烈性、发生时间和地点的不确定性和突发性，以及伤类伤情的复杂性和危重性。提出的应急医学救援对策包括：建立高效的医疗救援指挥机构；完善各种医疗救援应急预案；建立救援体系和救援基地；加强反恐训练，重视心理灾害的预防；建立反恐医学，“以人为本”搜救善后。

Terror attack and strategy of emergency medical support

Terror attack, a social menace of mankind, has spread and become more violent worldwide in recent years. In this paper, we elucidate the definition and classification of terror attacks. According to the means of terror attack, it can be divided into five types, namely nuclear, chemical, biological, explosive and hijack terror attack. Terror attack also could be divided into six types according to the ideology of the terrorists, that are religious extremism, nationalistic extremism, heretical religion, underworld extremist, extreme rightist, and extreme leftist terror attack. Besides that, according to its scope, terror attacks can be categorized into three types, such as cliquish type, national type and crossborder type. The characteristics of terror attacks are the brutality of its means, the furtiveness of its action, the catastrophic nature of its effect, the uncertainty of the time and site of the attack, and the complexity and severity of the resulted injuries. The countermeasures and principles of emergency medical support for the terror attack are as follows: to establish a high-efficient medical support command organization, to refine the medical support counterplan, to establish relief system and aid base, to strengthen antiterrorism training and to pay more attention to the prevention of the psychological chaos. In the course of search and treatment of the wounded and when dealing with problems arising from the terror attack, the principle that people is most important should be abided.