Synthesis and characterization of photosensitive gelatin-based hydrogels for photodynamic therapy in HeLa-CCL2 cell line |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey;2. Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey;3. Department of Rheumatology, Health Sciences University Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey;4. Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey;1. Eye Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, \"Scuola Medica Salernitana\", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy;1. Department of Ophthalmology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Health Science University, Hastane Sokak no:1/8. ?çerenköy, Ata?ehir, ?stanbul 34752, Türkiye;2. Department of Ophthalmology, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Health Science University, Cevizli, D-100 Güney Yanyol, Cevizli Mevkii No:47, Kartal, ?stanbul 34865, Türkiye;3. Department of Rheumatology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Health Science University, Hastane Sokak no: 1/8. ?çerenköy, Ata?ehir, ?stanbul 34752, Türkiye;1. Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China;2. Department of Endocrinology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Anhui Province), Suzhou, China;3. Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia;4. Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK;5. Stridon Clinical Research, Richmond upon Thames, UK;6. Department of General Practice, Zhongda Hospital; Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China;7. Research and Education Centre of General Practice, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China;1. School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia;2. School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia;1. Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;2. Dental Practioner Private Practice, Riyadh Saudi Arabia;3. Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Dow International Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundHydrogel systems are increasingly gaining visibility involving biomedicine, tissue engineering, environmental treatments, and drug delivery systems. These systems have a three-dimensional network composition and high-water absorption capacity, are biocompatible, allowing them to become an option as photosensitizer carriers (PS) for applications in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) protocols.MethodsA nanohydrogel system (NAHI), encapsulated with chloroaluminium phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) was synthesized for drug delivery.. NAHI was synthesized using gelatin as based polymer by the chemical cross-linking technique. The drug was encapsulated by immersing the hydrogel in a 1.0 mg.mL?1 ClAlPc solution. The external morphology of NAHI was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degree of swelling of the synthesized system was evaluated to determine the water absorption potential. The produced nanohydrogel system was characterized by photochemical, photophysical and photobiologial studies.ResultsThe images from the SEM analysis showed the presence of three-dimensional networks in the formulation. The swelling test demonstrated that the nanohydrogel freeze-drying process increases its water holding capacity. All spectroscopic results showed excellent photophysical parameters of the drug studied when served in the NAHI system. The incorporation efficiency was 70%. The results of trypan blue exclusion test have shown significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the cell viability for all groups treated with PDT, in all concentrations tested. In HeLa cells, PDT mediated by 0,5 mg.mL?1 ClAlPc encapsulated in NAHI showed a decrease in survival close to 95%. In the internalization cell study was possible to observe the internalization of phthalocyanine after one hour of incubation, at 37 °C, with the the accumulation of PS in the cytoplasm and inside the nucleus at both concentrations tested.ConclusionsGiven the peculiar performance of the selected system, the resulting nanohydrogel is a versatile platform and display potential applications as controlled delivery systems of photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy application. |
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| Keywords: | drug delivery |
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