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Lower tract neoplasm: Update of imaging evaluation
Affiliation:1. Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;2. Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA;1. Department of Oncology, Queen''s University, Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario at Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;2. Department of Urology, Queen''s University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;1. Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia;2. Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia;3. Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;4. Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Room 8612, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;2. Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, L25, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;1. College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC;2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
Abstract:Cancers of the lower urinary tract can arise from the bladder, urachus or urethra. Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is the most common of these. The presentation of bladder, urachal and urethral cancers can differ but many result in hematuria as an initial indication. The diagnosis and staging of these cancers often necessitate radiologic imaging often in the form of cross-section CT urography or MR urography. The following article reviews the specific nature of lower tract cancers and their imaging.
Keywords:Urothelial cancer  UCB  Urachal cancer  Urethral cancer  Computed tomography (CT)  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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