滁州市2012-2015年艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病患者病例流行特征分析

目的 分析滁州市2012-2015年历年新报告艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)的流行病学特征,为滁州市有针对性开展艾滋病防控工作提供科学依据.方法 首先滁州市疾病预防控制中心通过“艾滋病网络直报系统”进行艾滋病疫情的汇总和核实,本次研究的资料直接来源于滁州市疾病预防控制中心,然后利用Excel和SPSS软件对疾病进行“三间分布”的描述性分析.结果 2012-2015年,滁州市新报告HIV/AIDS病例数总共为383例,并且呈逐年增长趋势;男女性别比为4.2∶1,20～＜40岁年龄组病例占58.2％;30.8％的新报告HIV/AIDS病例为农民,其次家政服务行业占19.6％;病例主要集中在凤阳县、明光市,定远县、琅琊区及天长市,占76.0％;异性性传播为主要传播途径;同性传播所致的感染呈逐年上升趋势.结论 滁州市艾滋病疫情具有明显的时间、地区和人群分布特征.异性传播为滁州市艾滋病流行的主要传播途径,因此需要加强广大人民群众的安全性行为意识教育以及对特定人群的重点监测,开展有针对性的防控工作,探索适合的防控模式,有效遏制艾滋病在滁州市的传播和流行.

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients from 2012 to 2015 in Chuzhou city

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of annually newly reported people with HIV/AIDS (HIV/AIDS) living in Chuzhou city,and to provide the theoretical evidence for strategies on targeted prevention and control of HIV/AIDS.Methods HIV/AIDS epidemic situation was summarized and verified through network direct reporting system in Chuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention.The data directly came from Chuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Then three epidemical distributions of the disease were analyzed by using Excel and SPSS software.Results The number of newly reported HIV/AIDS was 383 and tended to increase annually from 2012 to 2015 in Chuzhou,with the sex ratio as 4.2∶ 1.Among all the patients,58.2％ were aged 20 to 39 years old.30.8％ of the newly reported HIV/AIDS were farmers and 19.6％ engaged in domestic services.Most of the cases were found in Fengyang,Mingguang,Dingyuan,Langya and Tianchang,accounting for 76.0％ of all newly reported cases.Heterosexual contact was the major mode of transmission,and the infection caused by homosexual contact increased yearly.Conclusions The AIDS epidemic of Chuzhou presented obvious characteristics in the distribution of time,regions and population.Heterosexual contact is the main route of transmission of HIV/AIDS,so safe sex consciousness and surveillance projects should be strengthened among the population with sexually promiscuous behaviors.Optimal prevention and control measures based on the characteristics of AIDS epidemic should be developed to control the spread and epidemics of the disease in Chuzhou.