CIK 细胞的生物特性和应用研究新进展

免疫细胞过继性治疗是一种新的肿瘤治疗技术，是对传统的手术、化疗、放疗等肿瘤治疗方法的有力补充。细胞因子诱导杀伤（CIK）细胞是应用最为广泛的免疫细胞之一，其克服了以往免疫治疗细胞在体外扩增难、对肿瘤的细胞毒性不强和可能潜在致癌性等缺陷。CIK细胞是体外扩增的异质淋巴细胞，具有非MHC限制的抗肿瘤活性，主要的效应细胞是表达CD3＋CD56＋的NK样T细胞。虽然，到目前为止，CIK细胞的杀伤机制尚不完全清楚，但NKG2D及其配体的相互作用在CIK抗肿瘤中发挥了重要作用。大量的临床试验证明了CIK细胞治疗的可行性、有效性和安全性：CIK细胞体外培养简单，扩增能力强，容易获得足够的细胞；治疗效果明显，多数患者病情得到缓解，免疫功能提高，生活质量评分提高；副作用少且轻微，如恶心、呕吐、低烧、发抖等，都可以通过简单的治疗得到缓解。本文综述了CIK细胞的生物学特性、杀伤机制、动物实验、临床应用、以及应用CIK细胞治疗的开拓研究等方面的研究进展。

Research Progress of the Biological Characteristics of CIK Cells and Its Application

Adoptive immune cell therapy is a powerful complement to the traditional cancer treatments such as sur-gery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and so on. Cytokine-induced killer （CIK） cell is one of the most widely used immune cells. There are some defects in the earlier immune cells treatments, such as difficulty to amplify in vitro, low cytotoxicity against tumors, potential carcinogenicity and so on. However, all these defects can be overcome by using CIK cells. CIK cells are heterogeneous T lymphocytes expanded in vitro, endowed with a wide MHC-unrestricted antitumor activity. The CD3＋CD56＋NK-like T cells are the main effect cells for antitumor activity of CIK cells. Although the mechanism against tumors by CIK cells has not been fully clarified, the interaction of NKG2D receptor and its ligands on CIK cells plays a main role in the treatment of tumor. A lot of clinical trials have demonstrated that the treatments with CIK cells are feasible, ef-fective and safe. In vitro, CIK cells are easy to culture and show a strong proliferative capacity. Therefore, it is easy to gain enough cells by proliferating to satisfy clinical requirements. The effects of treatments using CIK cell are obvious, as the immune function is improved, and the scores of quality of life are higher in the patients with CIK treatment than those with traditional treatments. The adverse effects are less and weak, such as nausea, vomiting, fever, shivering and so on, all are easy to get remission after simple treatment. In this paper, the research progresses of biological characteristics, anti-tumor mechanisms, animal experiments, clinical application of CIK cells and groundbreaking study on the CIK treatment are mainly reviewed.