117例美沙酮维持治疗情况分析

目的:了解美沙酮维持治疗的有效性及依从性。方法:采用自拟调查问卷对部分坚持治疗,且愿意回答问题的患者进行美沙酮维持治疗情况调查;对脱失情况进行描述性分析。结果:2005年6月-2006年6月共接受美沙酮维持治疗患者117例,其中脱失38例,占32.5%。脱失原因主要有:因吸食海洛因或违法犯罪等被公安强制戒毒或劳教、判刑等处理,占81.6%;累计超过15d未来门诊服药,被取消资格,占15.8%。67例坚持治疗者接受了问卷调查。调查结果显示,服药后100%的人恢复了正常生活;92.5%有复吸海洛因的欲望,但37.3%没有复吸行为发生;71.6%认为维持治疗的最佳剂量是40-59mg.d-1;62.7%认为应根据治疗者目前经济状况确定治疗价位。结论:美沙酮维持治疗效果明确,但仍存在一些问题;复吸和违法犯罪是主要的脱失原因。采取切实有效的干预措施有利于延长治疗时间,提高治疗效果。

ANALYSIS OF 117 CASES ON METHADONE MAINTENANCE TREATMENT

Objective:To understand the efficacy of methadone maintenance treatment(MMT)and the compliance of the patients for treatment.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was adopted to investigate the situation of MMT among the patients under MMT who were voluntarily to answer the questionnaires,and the dropouts were analyzed.Results:From June 2005 to June 2006,117 cases were recruited into MMT.Among them,38 cases were dropout,accounting for 32.5%.The main reasons for dropout were getting into compulsory treatment or being arrested for doing drugs again or committing crimes,accounting for 81.6%;15.8% missed more than 15 days of treatment.Totally 67 MMT patients answered the questionnaire,which showed that 100% returned to normal life when on MMT;92.5%had the desire of using heroin but 37.3%did not do it;71.6% thought the ideal dose for MMT was 40-59 mg·d-1;62.7% considered that the price for MMT should be fixed according to the patients' economic situation.Conclusion:MMT for heroin dependent patients is effective.However,there are still some problems.Relapse and committing crimes are the main reasons for dropouts.Effective intervention can be of help for the retention of the patients on MMT and improve the efficacy of the treatment.