阿奇霉素致不良反应202例文献分析

目的:探讨阿奇霉素所致不良反应(ADR)的一般规律及特点。方法:检索万方数据库中1998～2009年有关阿奇霉素引起ADR的案例报道,按年龄、性别、给药途经、原患疾病、ADR发生时间、表现进行统计、分析。结果:阿奇霉素的ADR在10岁以内的青少年儿童中发生率较高(22.28%);静脉滴注(86.63%)是主要用药方式;多表现为变态反应、神经系统反应、肝肾系统反应,所占比例分别为47.03%、16.34%、11.88%;过敏性休克(27.23%)是主要表现形式;主要发生在用药后30min内(38.12%)。6例(2.97%)死亡。结论:临床应重视阿奇霉素引起的ADR,警惕严重ADR(如过敏性休克)的发生,确保用药安全。

Literature Analysis of 202 Cases of Adverse Drug Reactions Induced by Azithromycin

OBJECTIVE：To explore the characteristics and regularity of adverse drug reactions（ADR） induced by azithromycin.METHODS：Retrieved from Wanfang Database, azithromycin-inducing ADR were analyzed statistically in respect of patient＇s age and gender, route of administration, primary disease, onset time of ADR and its clinical manifestations.RESULTS：Azithromycin-inducing ADR often occurred in pediatric and teenagers under 10 years of age（22.28%）.86.63% were caused by intravenous administration.The clinical symptoms were mainly allergic reaction（47.03%）, reaction of nervous system（16.34%） and hepatorenal system（11.88%）.Main manifestation of 27.23% was anaphylactic shock.ADR usually occurred within 30 min after administration（38.12%）.6 cases died（2.97%）.CONCLUSION：We should pay more attention to azithromycin-inducing ADR, especially severe ADR such as anaphylactic shock to guarantee the safety of drug use.