鄂尔多斯市1起麻疹暴发的流行病学调查分析

目的分析麻疹暴发流行病学特征及发生原因,指导麻疹防控工作,加速控制麻疹进程。方法对暴发和疫情资料进行流行病学分析,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)抗体捕捉法监测麻疹IgM抗体。应用Excel软件进行统计处理。结果发病从2006年11月18日至2007年4月20日,持续148天,疫情波及全市8个旗、区,发病835例,罹患率55.13%。病例年龄最小8天、最大46岁,0~7岁占53.9%,小于8月龄、大于25岁占34.7%。病例中无麻疹疫苗(MV)接种史的占37.0%,接种史不详的占45.9%,查验首发病例所在学校83名学生预防接种证,接种过2计次MV者仅占3.6%,1计次的占81.9%,接种史不详的占13.2%。实施MV应急接种,疫情得到有效控制。结论MV接种率低,造成易感者积累,没有及时发现和上报疫情,是导致暴发的主要原因。

Ordos City,an Outbreak of Measles Epidemiological Analysis

Objective Analyze epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreak and the reasons to guide measles prevention and control work and accelerate the process of measles control. Methods Make epidemiological analysis the outbreak and epidemic, use enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） antibody -capture method to monitor the measles IgM antibodies, Application of Excel software. Results An outbreak of measles took place from November 18, 2006 - April 20, 2007, in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia. The epidemic spread among eight banners and districts for 148 days, with 835 cases of measles, morbidity 55.13%. The youngest ease was eight days old while the oldest was 46 - year - old. Cases of 0 - 7 years old accounted for 53.95% , cases less than 8 months old and more than 25 - year - old accounted for 34. 75%. Cases of measles without Measles Vaccine （MV） vaccination history accounted for 37.0% , cases with unknown vaccination history accounted for 45.9%. In the school which the first case happened, after checking 83 pupils＇vaccination certificate, we found that only 3.6% of them had vaccinated against measles twice, and 81.9 percent had vaccinated once. Pupils with an unknown vaccination history accounted for 13.2%. After emergency MV vaccination, the epidemic has been effectively controlled. Conclusion Low MV vaccination rates which caused the accumulation of susceptible persons and the absence of timely detection and reporting of the epidemic, is the main reason for the outbreak.