基于4R危机理论的管理模式在血站采血护士职业暴露预防控制中的应用

目的探讨基于4R危机理论的管理模式在血站采血护士职业暴露预防控制中的应用效果。方法选择2018年7月至2019年12月期间佳木斯市中心血站的36名血站护士为研究对象。2018年7—12月给予常规的职业防护管理方案。2019年7—12月实施基于4R危机理论的管理模式。对比干预前后护士的职业暴露认知能力、职业认同感及职业风险行为。结果干预后护士职业暴露认知能力均高于干预前,其中环境风险(17.0±2.7)分vs.(16.5±2.3)分]、事故风险(22.9±2.4)分vs.(18.8±2.5)分]、生物风险(16.9±2.1)分vs.(15.1±2.8)分]、化学风险(19.2±2.6)分vs.(17.2±2.3)分]、物理风险(16.8±2.8)分vs.(14.4±2.3)分]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);职业认同感显著高于干预前,干预后护士职业风险行为(5.55%)显著低于干预前(25.0%),各项目比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论基于4R危机理论的管理模式应用于血站护士职业暴露预防控制中,可有效提高护士的职业暴露认知能力、职业认同感,降低职业风险行为,值得临床推广。

Application of management mode based on 4R crisis theory in occupational exposure prevention and control of blood collection nurses in blood stations

Objective To explore the application effect of management mode based on 4R crisis theory in occupational exposure prevention and control of blood collection nurses in blood stations.Methods A total of 36 blood station nurses in Jiamusi Blood Center from July 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the research subjects.The routine occupational protection management plan was provided from July to December 2018.The management mode based on the 4R crisis theory was implemented from July to December 2019.The cognitive ability of occupational exposure,occupational identity,and occupational risk behavior of nurses before and after intervention were compared.Results The cognitive ability of occupational exposure of nurses after the intervention was higher than that before the intervention,among which the differences in the environmental risk(17.0±2.7)points vs.(16.5±2.3)points],accident risk(22.9±2.4)points vs.(18.8±2.5 points)],biological risk(16.9±2.1)points vs.(15.1±2.8) points],chemical risk (19.2±2.6)points vs.(17.2±2.3)points] and physical risk(16.8±2.8)points vs.(14.4±2.3)points] were statistically significant(P<0.05).Professional identity after the intervention was significantly higher than that before the intervention,and occupational risk behavior of nurses after the intervention(5.55%) was significantly lower than that before the intervention(25.0%),with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion The application of management mode based on the 4R crisis theory in occupational exposure prevention and control in blood stations can effectively improve the cognitive ability and professional identity of nurses,and reduce occupational risk behaviors,which is worthy of clinical promotion.