胃肠道肿瘤的抗体靶向治疗研究进展

随着对抗体结构和功能认识的不断深入,抗体在疾病的诊断和治疗中得到了广泛的应用.在肿瘤治疗领域,抗体也扮演了日益重要的作用.迄今美国FDA已经批准了20多种单克隆抗体用于肿瘤的治疗,其中用于胃肠道肿瘤的至少有9种.这些抗体药物主要通过抗体依赖的细胞毒性反应和补体介导的细胞毒性反应,以及通过阻断血供和改变细胞信号通路等机制达到杀伤肿瘤细胞的效果.随着现代基因工程技术的进步,重组抗体和抗体片段等新型抗体及其偶联药物的设计也得到了发展,抗体携带同位素、毒素和其它细胞毒性剂等新的靶向治疗药物不断涌现,使得治疗性抗体的开发进入了全盛时期.

Development of therapeutic antibodies for gastric and colorectal cancers

With the elucidation of structures and functions, antibodies are widely applied in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Today, therapeutic antibodies have played ever increasing roles in the treatment of cancers. In fact, there are over 20 monoclonal antibodies which have been approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the therapeutic use in cancers. For the gastric and colorectal cancers, there are at least 9 antibodies have been approved for cancer therapy or for clinical trials. These antibody drugs target to tumor associate antigens and can destroy the cancer cells through several mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, blockage of blood nutrition and crucial signaling pathways. With the progress in gene engineering technology, the diverse structures of antibodies can be created. In addition, the antibody-conjugates with radioisotopes, toxins and cytotoxins, are also designed for targeted therapy of gastric and colorectal cancers. In this article, we review the trends in the clinical development and application of antibody drugs for future research and development of the rapidly expanding therapeutic modality in gastric and colorectal cancers.