本科临床医学专业教育中不同教学方法的特点及合理应用

我国的本科临床医学教育可分为三个阶段：临床前阶段、临床见习阶段、临床实习阶段，每个阶段都有不同的特点和教学任务。临床医学教学过程中应用的教学方法主要有以授课为基础的教学（lecture-based learning，LBL）、以团队为基础的学习（team-based learning，TBL）、案例教学（case-based learning，CBL）和以问题为基础的学习（problem-based learning，PBL）。LBL是“以教师为中心”，注重知识的准确性、系统性、连贯性；TBL、CBL和PBL是“以学生为中心”，注重学生的主观能动性和学习积极性的培养。每种教学方法都有各自的优缺点，本研究根据本科医学教育三个阶段的不同特点，浅析不同医学教学方法在三阶段中的合理应用。临床前阶段，联合应用LBL和TBL；临床见习阶段，联合应用LBL、TBL和CBL教学方法；临床实习阶段，联合应用CBL和PBL。

Characteristics and reasonable application of different teaching methods in professional educa-tion for undergraduates majored in clinical medicine

Clinical education for undergraduates in China can be divided into three phases: pre-clinical phase, clinical clerkship phase, clinical practice phase, and each phase has its own features and different teaching tasks. Currently there are four teaching methods mostly applied in clinical education: lecture-based Learning (LBL), team-based learning (TBL), case-based learning (CBL) and problem-based learning (PBL). LBL is a teacher-centered teaching method, which focuses on making knowledge accurate, systematic and comprehensive; TBL, CBL and PBL are student-centered teaching methods, which can improve students'' enthusiasm and subject initiative. Each teaching method has ad-vantages and dis-advantages. According to the different characteristics of three stages of medical edu-cation, this paper analyzes the reasonable application of different medical teaching methods in three stages of undergraduate medical education: in preclinical stage, combining LBL with TBL teaching methods; in clinical clerkship phase, combining the teaching methods of LBL, TBL and CBL; in clinical practice stage, combining CBL with PBL teaching methods.