全民食盐加碘近20年某院甲状腺癌住院构成比的变化

目的 调查全民食盐加碘前后近20年第二军医大学长海医院甲状腺癌住院构成比的变化,探讨碘摄入和甲状腺癌发病之间的关系.方法 对食盐碘化前后长海医院近20年收治的甲状腺疾病患者资料进行统计分析,计算每年的甲状腺癌构成比.依据年份将患者分为4组:1993-1997年间收治甲状腺疾病患者(A组),1998-2002年间收治甲状腺疾病患者(B组),2003-2007年间收治甲状腺疾病患者(C组),2008-2012年间收治甲状腺疾病患者(D组),比较各组间甲状腺癌构成比.结果 1994年立法全民补碘后,甲状腺癌构成比自1993年的11.36％(25/220)降至7.59％(18/237),但其后又逐渐增高,2012年时已达20.76％(318/1 532).A、B、C、D组甲状腺癌的构成比分别为8.01％(112/1 398)、9.61％(241/2 508)、11.65％(501/4 299)、16.57％(1 101/6 645).其中A、B(食盐碘化初期)年度段差异无统计学意义(P=0.095),而C、D(长期食盐碘化)年度段较A或B均有所增加(P＜0.001).结论 短期补碘对甲状腺癌的发病可能有一定的抑制作用.补碘10年后甲状腺癌检出率明显增高,长期碘盐的摄入也许是原因之一.

Changes of hospitalized thyroid cancer patients in a hospital during 20 years of universal salt iodization in China

Objective] Thyroid carcinoma is the one of the fastest growing solid malignancies in recent years.We promoted salt iodization since 1993.We carried out the program of universal salt iodization(USI) in 1996 in our country. In order to study the relationship between iodine intake and thyroid carcinoma, we investigated the constituent ratio of thyroid carcinoma during nearly 20 years in Chang Hai Hospital after universal salt iodization. Methods] We calculated the constitue-t ratio of thyroid carcinoma respectively, And divided into four groups according to the years: 1993-1997 constituent ratio of thyroid carcinoma were treated for 7.87% (A group);1998-2002 constituent ratio of thyroid carcinoma were treated for 9.91% (Group B); 2003-2007 constituent ratio of thyroid carcinoma were treated for 11.58% (group C); 2008-2012 constituent ratio of thyroid carcinoma were treated for 16.51% (group D),statistical analysis is applied between groups bychi-square test. Results] the constituent ratio of thyroid carcinoma in A, B group (initial iodide salt) did not change (P> 0.001), the constituent ratio of thyroid carcinoma in C, D group (long-term salt iodization) increased significantly than either groupA or groupB.The constituent ratio of thyroid carcinoma have declined in early salt iodization. Conlusion] With the extension of time after iodine universal salt iodization, the higher detection rate of thyroid carcinoma was occurred in the 10 years after iodine supplementation. Short-term iodine supplementation may have a certain exhibition on the incidence of thyroid carcinoma.The constituent ratio of thyroid carcinoma increased year by year was relevant with advanced diagnosis technology, as the same time high iodine intake is one of the important reasons.