PI3K/Akt信号通路与血管性痴呆的关系及中药干预作用研究进展

血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,Va D)的临床表现主要包括脑血管病变和认知功能障碍,其发生、发展与脑血流量和神经元存活状态密切相关。研究表明,磷酸肌醇3-激酶(phosphoinositide 3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase,PKB/Akt)信号通路广泛存在各种细胞中,在脑微血管内皮细胞(brain microvascular endothelial cells,BMEC)中可以通过下游内皮型一氧化氮合酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase,e NOS)/一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)途径调节血管舒缩功能及脑血流量;在神经元中可以对抗神经元凋亡,促进神经元存活,是Va D发生、发展过程的重要环节之一。到目前为止,一些研究发现部分中药、有效成分及复方可通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路而发挥神经保护作用,有必要对该方面研究进展做一综述,以期为今后深入研究提供参考。

Relationship Between PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway and Vascular Dementia and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention

The major clinical manifestations of vascular dementia (VaD) include cerebrovascular accidents and cognitive dysfunction, whole occurrence and development are closely related to the cerebral blood flow and neuron survival state. Studies have shown that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) signaling pathway widely exist in various cells. In brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC), it can regulate the vasomotor function and cerebral blood flow through downstream endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway;in neurons, it can promote neuronal survival against neuronal apoptosis, which is one of the important parts in the occurrence and development of VaD. So far, some studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine, active ingredients and compounds can play the neuroprotective effect through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In order to provide reference for further in-depth study in the future, it is necessary to make a review on the research progress in this filed.