四类不同功效桂枝药对化学成分与药理作用的研究进展

桂枝为樟科植物肉桂的干燥嫩枝,为一味多功效中药。"药对"是临床上常用的、相对固定的两味药物的配伍形式,是中药配伍中的最小单位,桂枝在不同的配伍环境下,发挥不同的功效。桂枝常用的四类药对分别为辛温解表类桂枝-麻黄、桂枝-柴胡药对;活血通络类桂枝-茯苓、桂枝-桃仁药对;调和气血类桂枝-白芍药对;温达通阳类桂枝-附子、桂枝-黄芪、桂枝-甘草药对。配伍后,药对中的化学成分产生了一些变化,如桂枝-麻黄配伍后,两者有效成分含量均降低,且产生了单味药中没有的化学成分;桂枝-柴胡配伍后,有效成分溶出量与配伍比例有关;桂枝-茯苓药对、桂枝-白芍药对、桂枝-附子药对中的有效成分亦发生了一定程度的改变;而在一定的剂量范围内,桂枝-黄芪、桂枝-甘草配伍后,黄芪及甘草中有效成分含量均增加。不同药对具有不同的药理作用,其中桂枝-麻黄药对可发汗解热;桂枝-柴胡药对可镇痛;桂枝-茯苓药对具有利尿、改善心肌缺血等作用;桂枝-桃仁药对可抗凝血;桂枝-白芍药对可抗炎镇痛等;桂枝-附子药对具有镇痛抗炎作用;桂枝-黄芪药对具有抗炎抗氧化、抗心肌缺血等作用;桂枝-甘草药对具有抗心律失常、抗血栓等作用。本文对桂枝四类药对的化学成分及药理进行综述,为更好的开发利用桂枝药对提供参考。

Research Process on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effect of Four Kinds of Couplet Medicine of Cinnamomi Ramulus

Cinnamomi Ramulus is a dry tender branch of Cinnamomum cassia Presl, which is a multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Cinnamomi Ramulus has different efficacy under different compatibility environment. Complet medicine is a commonly used and relatively fixed compatibility form of two drugs, and it is the smallest unit in the compatibility of TCM. The four kinds of complet medicine commonly used in Cinnamomi Ramulus were as follows:the diaphoretics pungent in flavour and warm in property pairs include Cinnamomi Ramulus Ephedrae Herba and Cinnamomi Ramulus Bupleuri Radix complet medicine. The stasis dredge collaterals pairs involve Cinnamomi Ramulus Poria and Cinnamomi Ramulus Persicae Semen complet medicine. The regulation Qi and Blood Cinnamomi Ramulus Paeoniae Radix Alba complet medicine. Wenda Tongyang pairs consist of Cinnamomi Ramulus Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia, Cinnamomi Ramulus Astragali Radix, and Cinnamomi Ramulus Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma complet medicine. After compatibility, some changes have taken place in the chemical composition of complet medicines. For example, after compatibility of Cinnamomi Ramulus and Ephedrae Herba, the content of effective components of both herbs decreases, and the chemical constituents that are not found in single herbs are produced. After compatibility of Cinnamomi Ramulus and Bupleuri Radix, the dissolution of active ingredients is related to compatibility ratio. The active ingredients of Cinnamomi Ramulus Poria,Cinnamomi Ramulus Paeoniae Radix Alba pair and Cinnamomi Ramulus Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia have also changed to some extent.The content of active ingredients in Astragali Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma both increase after compatibility with Cinnamomi Ramulus. Different complet medicine have different pharmacological effects, Cinnamomi Ramulus Ephedrae Herba complet medicine have the effect of transpiration and antipyretic, Cinnamomi Ramulus Bupleuri Radix complet medicine can analgesia. Cinnamomi Ramulus Poria complet medicine have the effect of diuretic, improve myocardial ischemia and so on. Cinnamomi Ramulus Persicae Semen complet medicine have the anti-coagulation action.Cinnamomi Ramulus Paeoniae Radix Alba complet medicine have the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Cinnamomi Ramulus Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia complet medicine have the effect of dispelling cold to relieve pain. Cinnamomi Ramulus Astragali Radix complet medicine have the many effects in relieving anti-coagulation,antioxidation and anti-myocardial ischemia. Cinnamomi Ramulus Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma complet medicine displays diverse activities, including antiarrhythmic, antithrombosis. In this paper, the chemical constituents and pharmacology of four kinds of complet medicine of Cinnamomi Ramulus were reviewed, which provided a reference for the better open utilization of Cinnamomi Ramulus complet medicine.