中药有效成分与肠道菌群相互作用的研究进展

人体肠道中栖息着数量庞大、种类繁多的微生物,这些微生物与其所寄居的肠道环境组成了肠道微生态系统。肠道共生菌群参与调控宿主的营养消化吸收、免疫应答、生物拮抗等一系列生命活动,且与多种疾病的发生发展密切相关。因此,维持肠道微生态系统的平衡对宿主的生理健康显得尤为重要。中药有效成分代谢转化后,肠道菌群使其代谢产物更易被吸收,甚至有减毒或增毒作用,进而发挥不同的生物学效应;同时,中药也能调节肠道菌组成,保护肠黏膜屏障,从而恢复肠道稳态。作者检索了近15年中药与肠道菌群相互作用的相关研究文献,综述了肠道菌群的分类,肠道菌群失调与疾病的关系,肠道菌群对中药有效成分代谢及生物活性的影响以及中药调节肠道菌群失调等方面,并对基于多组学技术研究中药作用机制的策略进行了展望。

Interaction of effective ingredients from traditional Chinese medicines with intestinal microbiota

A large number and wide varieties of microorganisms colonize in the human gastrointestinal tract. They construct an intestinal microecological system in the intestinal environment. The intestinal symbiotic flora regulates a series of life actions, including digestion and absorption of nutrient, immune response, biological antagonism, and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of many diseases. Therefore, it is greatly essential for the host''s health status to maintain the equilibrium of intestinal microecological environment. After effective compositions of traditional Chinese medicines are metabolized or biotransformed by human intestinal bacteria, their metabolites can be absorbed more easily, and can even decrease or increase toxicity and then exhibit significant different biological effects. Meanwhile, traditional Chinese medicines can also regulate the composition of the intestinal flora and protect the function of intestinal mucosal barrier to restore the homeostasis of intestinal microecology. The relevant literatures in recent 15 years about the interactive relationship between traditional Chinese medicines and gut microbiota have been collected in this review, in order to study the classification of gut microflora, the relationship between intestinal dysbacteriosis and diseases, the important roles of gut microflora in intestinal bacterial metabolism in effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines and bioactivities, as well as the modulation effects of Chinese medicine on intestinal dysbacteriosis. In addition, it also makes a future prospect for the research strategies to study the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicines based on multi-omics techniques.