基于高通量测序研究番红花不同生长期根际土壤中真菌群落结构及多样性

目的 以新疆番红花Crocus sativus L.不同生长期的根际土壤为材料，研究土壤真菌群落结构与多样性。方法 提取番红花不同生长期的根际土壤总DNA，应用Illumina NovaSeq 6000高通量测序平台进行测序分析。结果 对番红花3个生长期生长初期（S1）、生长中期（S2）、生长后期（S3）]的3组样本进行高通量测序，共获得4252个操作分类单元（OTUs），包含9个真菌门，并对检测到的真菌属中相对丰度前20的真菌属进行了分析。结果发现，不同生长期番红花优势真菌群落共有门属分别是子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）、链格孢属（Alternaria）、球腔菌属（Mycosphaerella）和爪甲白癣菌属（Arthrographis）。3个生长期的真菌组成有所不同，S1和S2生长期特有的属分别是平脐蠕孢属（Bipolaris）和谷菌根菌属（Archaeorhizomyces），S3有2个特有的属和1个特有的门，分别是棘壳孢属（Setophoma）、枝孢属（Cladosporium）和油壶菌门（Olpidiomycota）。Alpha和Beta多样性分析结果表明，不同生长期番红花根际土壤真菌群落赵氏指数（Chao1）、香农指数（Shannon）和观察到的种类数（Sobs）差异有统计学意义，样本中真菌物种组成存在一定差异。结论 利用高通量测序技术可快速、全面地获得土壤真菌组成信息。番红花不同生长时期根际土壤中真菌群落结构与多样性存在差异，菌群多样性随番红花的生长呈现不断上升的趋势；在番红花不同的生长期尤其是S1土壤样本中均检测到相对丰度较高的有害菌链格孢菌属和被孢霉门。为进一步揭示新疆番红花S1易发生种球腐烂病害，以及根际真菌的多样性与番红花球茎内生真菌、病原菌相互作用机制研究提供新思路。

Fungal Community Structures and Diversities in Rhizosphere Soils of Crocus sativus L. in Different Growth Stages Based on High-throughput Sequencing

Objective To study the fungal community structures and diversities in rhizosphere soils of Crocus sativus L. in different growth stages.Methods The total DNA was extracted from rhizosphere soils of C. sativus L. in different growth stages and sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 high-throughput sequencing platform.Results A total of 4 252 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), including nine phyla, were obtained from three groups of C. sativus L. samples in the initial growth stage (S1), middle growth stage (S2), and late growth stage (S3) by high-throughput sequencing. In terms of relative abundance, the top 20 fungi were analyzed. The results showed that the dominant fungal communities of C. sativus L. in different growth stages included Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Alternaria, Mycospaerella, and Arthrographis. The fungal compositions were different at three periods. In S1 and S2, the unique genera were Bipolaris and Archaeorhizomyces. In S3, there were two unique genera and one unique phylum, namely, Setophoma, Cladosporium, and Olpidiomycota. Alpha and beta diversity analysis showed that there were significant differences at the Chao1, Shannon, and Sobs indexes in the rhizosphere soils of C. sativus L. in different growth stages, and there were differences in the composition of fungi.Conclusion The community composition of soil fungi can be obtained quickly and comprehensively through high-throughput sequencing. There are differences in the structure and diversity of the fungal community in the rhizosphere soils of C. sativus L. in different growth stages, and the diversity of the fungal community shows a rising trend with the growth of C. sativus L. In the soil samples of C. sativus L. in different growth stages, especially in S1, harmful bacteria of Alternaria and Mortierella with high relative abundance were detected. This study can provide a new idea for further revealing the prone bulb rot disease of C. sativus L. in Xinjiang and the interaction mechanism between the diversity of rhizosphere fungi and the endophytic fungi and pathogens of C. sativus L. bulbs.