天然药物中多糖类成分抗糖尿病作用机制研究进展

抗糖尿病作用是天然药物中多糖成分的重要功效之一,本文总结了近10年以来天然药物中多糖类成分抗糖尿病作用机制。结果显示天然药物中的多糖类化合物主要通过以下四种作用机制实现其抗糖尿病作用的:(1)通过抗氧化、清除自由基或抑制胰岛β细胞凋亡作用保护和修复胰岛β细胞;(2)通过延缓胃肠道对碳水化合物的吸收;(3)通过改善脂代谢紊乱,减轻脂毒性;(4)通过增加胰岛素受体量/亲和力或增加外周靶细胞受体后胰岛素信号转导通路敏感性、促进对葡萄糖的利用和代谢以及作用于脂肪组织分泌的脂肪因子这三个方面改善胰岛素抵抗。借此为进一步加强天然药物多糖的作用机理研究,开发出低毒、高效新型的抗糖尿病药物奠定基础,提供理论依据。

Progress of anti-diabetes mechanism of polysaccharide contents in natural medicines

Anti-diabetes was one of the important actions of polysaeeharide contents in natural medicines. In this paper, the anti-diabetic mechanisms of polysaccharides contents in natural medicines in nearly 10 years were summarized from four main areas following that Protect pancreatic islet βcells or pro- mote their regeneration by functions of antioxidant and scavenging free radicals or inhibiting apoptosis of is- let beta-cell ; Slow down the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine ; improve lipid metabolism disorders and lipotoxieity ; Improve insulin resistance by increasing the numbers and/or affinities of insulin receptors, increasing the sensitivity of insulin signal transduction pathway in peripheral insulin target tissues,promo- ting the utilization and metabolism of glucose, and regulating the secretary volume of adipokines secreted by the adipose tissue. Four anti-diabetic mechanisms summarized above were useful to study anti-diabetic mechanisms of polysaccharides contents in natural medicine further, and were in order to provide a theoreti- cal basis and laid the foundation for developing low toxicity and efficient type of new medicines.