胆汁酸代谢与2型糖尿病

研究发现,胆汁酸代谢异常影响胰岛素敏感性和糖代谢.胆汁酸是一种代谢调节器,它通过受体依赖性和非受体依赖性途径发挥信号分子的作用.在受体依赖性途径中,介导胆汁酸信号转导的最重要信号分子是核受体法尼醇X受体（FXR）及膜受体G蛋白耦联胆汁酸受体5（TGR5）.胆汁酸的信号通路紊乱会导致胰岛素敏感性降低.因此,对胆汁酸代谢的调节,尤其是对其信号通路的调节有望成为治疗2型糖尿病的潜在方法.

Bile acid metabolism and type 2 diabetes

Studies show that dysregulation of bile acids could affect insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Bile acids are metabolic regulators that act as signaling molecules through receptor-dependent and -independent pathways. The most prominent signaling molecules mediating bile acid signaling are the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor（FXR） and the membrane receptor G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5 （TGR5）. Dysregulation of these pathways might contribute to the reduction of insulin sensitivity.Therefore,the manipulation of bile acid homeostasis, especially the regulation of its signaling pathways might be a potential treatment of type 2 diabetes.