山西省交城县学龄儿童近视流行现状及特征研究

目的：了解山西省交城县学龄儿童近视状况，分析其流行特征，探讨其可能的影响因素，为构建当地 的近视综合防控体系提供科学依据。方法：横断面调查研究。于2019 年3月采取整群随机抽样方法， 随机抽取交城县3 所小学、3 所中学在校学生（每个年级随机抽取2 个班级）进行视力和屈光度检查。 通过卡方趋势检验，比较不同年龄段学龄儿童近视发展趋势。采用Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结 果：共调查了3 927名学龄儿童，年龄6～14（10.3±0.6）岁，男女比例为1.13:1。视力不良总检出率为 76.24%，近视总检出率为80.14%。随着年龄增长，12～14 岁中、高度近视检出率逐渐升高（χ2 for trend=294.84，P<0.001）。Logistic回归分析显示女生是近视的危险因素，对于9～11岁和12～14岁 学生，家庭作业超过2 h是学生发生近视的危险因素。户外活动超过2 h、睡眠时间充足、每年至少2次 及以上的眼健康检查是近视的保护因素。结论：山西省交城县学龄儿童视力不良率及近视患病率处于全国 较高水平，应尽早采取必要措施进行干预，构建近视综合防控体系，培养全民近视防控意识。

Study of the Prevalence and Characteristics of Myopia in School-Age Children in Jiaocheng County,Shanxi Province

Objective: To understand the prevalence of myopia among school-age children in Jiaocheng county, Shanxi province; to analyze its epidemic characteristics, and explore its possible influencing factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for the establishment of a local, comprehensive myopia prevention and control system. Methods: Cross-sectional investigation. In March 2019, a cluster random sampling method was adopted to select students from 3 primary schools and 3 middle schools in Jiaocheng County (2 classes in each grade) for visual acuity and refractive error examination. The developmental trend of myopia in schoolchildren of different ages was compared by a Chi-square trend test, and the influencing factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: A total of 3 927 school-age children, aged from 6 to 14 years old, with an average age of 10.3±0.6 years, were investigated, and the male to female ratio was 1.13:1. The total rate of poor vision and myopia was 76.24% and 80.14%, respectively. The detection rate of medium and high myopia increased gradually with an increase in age (χ2 for trend=294.84, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that female gender was a risk factor for myopia. For students aged 9-11 and 12-14, more than 2 hours of homework was a risk factor for myopia. More than 2 hours of outdoor activities, adequate sleep, and at least 2 or more eye health check-ups per year were protective factors for myopia. Conclusion: The incidence of reduced visual acuity and myopia among school-age children in Jiaocheng county of Shanxi province is at a higher level in China. It is necessary to take necessary measures of intervention as soon as possible, build a comprehensive myopia prevention and control system, and raise an awareness of myopia prevention and control among the entire population.