低分子肝素在产科常见疾病中的应用

低分子肝素（LMWH）在达到有效的抗凝血作用的同时，可以减少肝素所致的出血等不良反应，在临床上具有一定的应用价值。目前LMWH广泛应用于产科临床，其不仅能预防妊娠期和产褥期深静脉血栓形成（DVT），还能预防、治疗易栓症引起的子痫前期（PE）、胎儿生长受限（FGR）等产科常见并发症。对妊娠期及产褥期DVT的危险因素进行评估后，可考虑使用LMWH。研究发现，LMWH也能改善非易栓症孕妇的不良妊娠结局，降低高危人群（有胎盘早剥、早发型PE病史的孕妇）患早发型PE、重度PE、FGR及晚期流产的风险，延长妊娠时间，提高新生儿存活率和出生体质量。现综述近年来LMWH应用于产科DVT、PE和FGR的相关研究进展。

Application of Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Common Obstetric Diseases

Low molecular weight heparin(LMWH) can reduce the risk of bleeding caused by heparin while achieving effective anticoagulation, which has certain clinical application value. The application of low molecular heparin in obstetric diseases has draw extensive attention. It has been used in the prophylaxis and treatment of pre-eclampsia(PE) and fetal growth restriction(FGR) caused by thrombophilia besides the prevention of deep venous thrombosis(DVT). The use of LMWH may be considered after assessing the risk factors of DVT in gestational period and puerperium. More researches have found the improvement of outcome of LMWH in the non-thrombophilia pregnancy. It can reduce the risk of preeclampsia and FGR in high-risk groups (pregnancy women with history of placental abruption and early-onset PE), and improve their pregnancy outcome, such as prolonging the gestational age, improving newborn survival rate and birth weight. We reviewed recent studies about the application of LMWH in DVT, PE and FGR.