成都市高新区4～18岁儿童青少年近视影响因素分析

目的 了解成都市高新区4～18岁儿童青少年近视患病情况及影响因素,为近视防控工作提供参考。方法 于2021年8—11月采用横断面研究的方法对成都市高新区202所学校82 024名4～18岁学生进行视力筛查及问卷调查,采用logistic回归分析对近视影响因素进行分析。结果 成都市高新区儿童青少年总近视患病率为40.42%,不同性别(男38.76%vs女42.21%,χ2=101.529,P<0.001)、不同学龄段之间近视患病率差异均有统计学意义(1.81%、34.44%、79.73%、83.25%,χ2=22099.288,P<0.001)。4～18岁儿童青少年近视患病率分别为1.90%、1.25%、9.04%、17.20%、31.22%、42.10%、55.79%、65.15%、73.43%、79.95%、84.44%、84.45%、83.25%、81.95%、77.28%。logistic回归分析显示,父母均近视、初次使用电子产品年龄≤3岁、节假日电子产品使用时间较长、阅读学习用眼持续时间≥30 min、有不良用眼习惯、户外活动及睡眠时间不足等是与儿童青少年近视相关的独立影响因素。结论 成都高新区儿童青少年学龄初期近视患病率增长速度快,其影响因素可能与遗传及个人习惯等多个方面有关,早期筛查及预防十分重要。

Analysis of influencing factors of myopia among children and adolescents aged 4 -18 years in High Tech Zone of Chengdu City

Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia among children and adolescents aged 4-18 years in the High Tech Zone of Chengdu City, so as to provide references for myopia prevention and control. Methods From August 2021 to November 2021, 82 024 students aged 4-18 years old from 202 schools in the High Tech Zone of Chengdu City were screened for vision and investigated by questionnaire. The influencing factors of myopia were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results The total myopia prevalence rate of children and adolescents in the High Tech Zone of Chengdu City was 40.42%. There were statistically significant differences in myopia prevalence rates between different sexes (male 38.76% vs female 42.21%, χ2=101.529, P<0.001) and different school-age groups (1.81%, 34.44%, 79.73%, 83.25%, χ2=22099.288, P<0.001). The prevalence rates of myopia at the age of 4-18 years were 1.90%, 1.25%, 9.04%, 17.20%, 31.22%, 42.10%, 55.79%, 65.15%, 73.43%, 79.95%, 84.44%, 84.45%, 83.25%, 81.95% and 77.28% respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that parents’ myopia, the age of first use of electronic products≤3 years old, long use time of electronic products on holidays, reading and learning eye use duration≥30min, bad eye use habits, outdoor activities, and insufficient sleep time were independent influencing factors related to myopia in children and adolescents. Conclusions The prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents in early school-age is increasing rapidly in the High Tech Zone of Chengdu City, and its influencing factors may be related to heredity and personal habits. Early screening and prevention are very important.