2011—2020年呼和浩特市流行性腮腺炎流行特征分析

目的 分析呼和浩特市2011—2020年流行性腮腺炎(流腮)流行病学特征,为制定有针对性防控措施提供参考依据。方法 对呼和浩特市2011—2020年流行性腮腺炎的发病数据进行监测分析,描述其分布及趋势。结果 呼和浩特市2011—2020年共报告流腮病例6 176例,年均发病率20.60/10万,其中2012年发病率最高为40.17/10万,2020年发病率最低为7.08/10万,2012年和2020年发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=717.641,P<0.001),10年间流腮发病呈波动下降趋势。流腮发病具有明显季节性,11月至次年1月和4—7月出现2个发病高峰。年龄分布以儿童和青少年为主,占总病例数60.83%。流腮病例最多人群是学生,占总病例数的61.08%。结论 流腮暴发疫情主要发生在中小学校,应加强儿童入托、入学预防接种证查验和流腮疫苗查漏补种工作,必要时开展6~15岁学生为目标人群的应急接种。

Analysis of epidemic characteristics of mumps in Hohhot City from 2011 to 2020

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Hohhot City from 2011-2020, so as to provide the reference for developing targeted prevention and control measures. Methods The epidemic data of mumps cases in Hohhot City from 2011 to 2020 were monitored and analyzed, and its distribution and trend were described. Results A total of 6 176 cases were reported in Hohhot City from 2011 to 2020, the average annual incidence was 20.60/105, of which the highest incidence was 40.17/105 in 2012, the lowest incidence was 7.08/105 in 2020, and the incidence difference between 2012 and 2020 was statistically significant (χ2=717.641, P<0.001). The incidence showed a fluctuant decreasing trend during the 10 years. The epidemic showed an obvious seasonality, there were two peaks of the incidence from November to January of the following year and from April to July. The age distribution was mainly in children and adolescents, accounting for 60.83% of the total cases. The majority of patients with mumps were students, accounting for 61.08% of the total cases. Conclusions The epidemic situation of mumps outbreak mainly occurs in primary and secondary schools. We should strengthen the inspection of school children's attendance, admission vaccination certificate, and missed mumps vaccine and reseeding. If necessary, we should carry out emergency vaccination for students aged 6-15 years as the target population.