初产妇母乳喂养的自我效能及相关影响因素探讨

目的通过调查初产妇产前对母乳喂养的基础知识的知晓和喂养态度,分析其影响因素,为促进初产妇进行母乳喂养提供依据。方法随机选择2011年10月-2013年3月在厦门市妇幼保健院住院分娩的正常初产妇368例,采用问卷调查方式,采取自行设计的一般情况调查表、社会支持评定量表和母乳喂养自信量表、母乳喂养自我效能简式量表进行测量。结果初产妇的母乳喂养自我效能总分为（103.2±16.4）分,其中文化程度、年龄、产假时间、产前辅导这几个因素下初产妇的自我效能差异存在统计学意义（P〈0.05）,其他方面因素,如职业、分娩方式和宗教信仰,初产妇的自我效能差异无统计学意义。结论厦门地区初产妇母乳喂养的自我效能较高,其中文化程度、年龄、产假时间、产前辅导是母乳喂养自我效能最重要的影响因素（P〉0.05）。

Analysis of the self-efficacy and related influencing factors of primipara breastfeeding

Objective To investigate the antenatal awareness and the attitude of breastfeeding knowledge among primipara and analyze its influencing factors,to provide the basis for promoting the first-time mothers to breastfeed. Methods 368 primipara gave birth in maternal and child hospital of Xiamen city were randomly selected from October 2011 to March 2011. We adopted questionnaire to investigate,the questionnaire included the self-designed general situation questionnaire,social support rating scale and breastfeeding self-confidence scale,breastfeeding self-efficacy short form scale measurement. Results The total score of primipara breastfeeding self-efficacy was 103. 2 ± 16. 4,and there was significant difference among the different level of culture,age,maternity leave time,prenatal counseling（ P 0. 05）. There was no significant difference among other factors,such as professional,delivery mode and religious belief. Conclusions We found primipara breastfeeding self-efficacy in Xiamen was higher. The level of culture,age,maternity leave time,prenatal counseling were the most important influencing factors.