2011—2020年郑州市二七区居民恶性肿瘤死亡趋势及减寿分析

目的了解郑州市二七区居民2011—2020年恶性肿瘤死亡流行趋势及对居民寿命的影响情况,为制定恶性肿瘤防治对策提供科学依据。方法对2011—2020年郑州市二七区居民恶性肿瘤死亡资料进行分析,计算恶性肿瘤死亡率、潜在减寿年数(potential years of life lost,PYLL)、标化潜在减寿年数(standardized potential years of life lost,SPYLL)、标化潜在减寿率(standardized potential years of life lost rate,SPYLLR)和人均减寿年数(average years of life lost,AYLL)等指标,采用年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)分析率的时间变化趋势。结果2011—2020年郑州市二七区居民恶性肿瘤年均死亡率为114.68/10万,标化死亡率为103.52/10万,男性年均死亡率(146.09/10万)高于女性(84.56/10万)。恶性肿瘤前5位死因依次为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和食管癌,共占恶性肿瘤死亡构成的65.36%。2011—2020年该区居民恶性肿瘤死亡率呈上升趋势(APC=3.70%,P<0.001)。0~44岁年龄组恶性肿瘤死亡率处于较低水平,45岁后随年龄增长逐渐升高,75岁以后迅速升高。恶性肿瘤总PYLL为39067人年,SPYLLR为6.73‰,AYLL为12.59年。结论肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和食管癌是二七区恶性肿瘤预防控制的重点工作,同时宫颈癌和乳腺癌对女性健康的影响不可忽视,应针对主要恶性肿瘤和重点人群开展综合防控措施,以降低恶性肿瘤的死亡率。

Death trend of malignant tumor and its potential years of life lost in residents in Erqi District of Zhengzhou City, 2011-2020

Objective To analyze the death trend of malignant tumor and its impact on life expectancy among residents in Erqi District of Zhengzhou City from 2011 to 2020, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating countermeasures for malignant tumor prevention and treatment. Methods We analyzed the data about malignant tumor deaths among residents in Erqi District of Zhengzhou City from 2011 to 2020, and calculated the mortality rate of malignant tumor, potential years of life lost (PYLL), standardized potential years of life lost (SPYLL), standardized potential years of life lost rate (SPYLLR) and average years of life lost (AYLL). Annual percentage change (APC) was used to analyze the changing trend of the rates. Results The annual average mortality rate and standardized mortality rate of malignant tumor in residents from Erqi District during 2011-2020 were 114.68/100,000 and 103.52 /100,000, respectively. The annual average mortality rate of males was higher than that of females (146.09/100,000 vs. 84.56/100,000). The top five causes of deaths due to malignant tumor were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and esophagus cancer, accounting for 65.36 % of all cancer deaths. The mortality rate of malignant tumor in residents from Erqi District in 2011-2020 showed an upward trend (APC=3.70%, P<0.001). The mortality rate of malignant tumor was found to be lower in the group aged 0-44 years, but increased gradually after 45 years of age and rose faster after 75 years of age. The total PYLL, SPYLLR and AYLL of malignant tumor were 39,067 person-years, 6.73‰ and 12.59 years. Conclusion Taking precautions against lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer is the main work point of malignant tumor prevention and control in Erqi District; meanwhile, the impact of breast cancer and cervical cancer on female health should not be ignored. It is necessary to implement comprehensive prevention and control measures against main malignant tumor based on targeted groups so as to decrease the mortality rate of malignant tumor.