武汉市一般人群血清中全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸分布特征

目的 对武汉市一般人群体内全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)和全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoate,PFOA)负荷状况及分布特征进行研究,为武汉市制定控制PFOS和PFOA污染的法规政策提供科学依据。 方法 2014－2015年间采用分层随机抽样方法收集在武汉市居住5年以上的、无职业性暴露的成人及儿童的血液样本,采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法,测定血清中PFOS和PFOA含量。采用SPSS 22.0软件分析检测数据。 结果 武汉市人群血清中PFOS检出率为75.4%(儿童组)、83.3%(成人组),PFOA的检出率为80.5%(儿童组)、82.9%(成人组)。城市、农村地区儿童组、成人组男性和女性血清中PFOS和PFOA含量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。城市地区女性血清中PFOS含量成人组( M=2.40 ng/ml,P₂₅=1.58 ng/ml,P₇₅=3.95 ng/ml)高于儿童组( M=2.00 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.23 ng/ml,P₇₅=3.20 ng/ml)(Z=-2.565,P=0.010),男性血清中PFOA含量成人组(M=1.80 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.25 ng/ml,P₇₅=5.82 ng/ml)低于儿童组(M=3.60 ng/ml,P₂₅=1.13 ng/ml,P₇₅=10.00 ng/ml)(Z=-2.158,P=0.031)。农村地区男性血清中PFOA含量成人组(M=1.29 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.05 ng/ml,P₇₅=3.60 ng/ml)低于儿童组(M=4.07 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.24 ng/ml,P₇₅=8.34 ng/ml)(Z=-2.820,P=0.005)。成人组女性血清中PFOS含量城市地区(M=2.40 ng/ml,P₂₅=1.58 ng/ml,P₇₅=3.95 ng/ml)高于农村地区(M=0.48 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.05 ng/ml,P₇₅=5.02 ng/ml)(Z=-4.316,P＜0.001),PFOA含量城市地区(M=3.30 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.85 ng/ml,P₇₅=6.85 ng/ml)高于农村地区(M=0.88 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.24 ng/ml,P₇₅=4.05 ng/ml)(Z=-3.639,P＜0.001)。武汉市人群血清中PFOS和PFOA含量之间存在正相关关系(P＜0.05)。 结论 地区、年龄、生理状态等因素的作用都可能造成人群体内PFOS和PFOA负荷的差异。 饮食摄入可能是武汉地区人群暴露于PFOS和PFOA共同途径。

Distribution characteristics of serum perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in the general population in Wuhan city

Objective To study the levels and distribution characteristics of serum perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in the general population in Wuhan city, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating laws and regulations that govern PFOS and PFOA pollution. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to collect serum samples from adults, who had lived in Wuhan city for over five years and had no occupational exposure history, and children in 2014-2015. The concentration of serum PFOS and PFOA were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software package. Results The detection rates of serum PFOS in the general population in Wuhan city were 75.4% (the children group) and 83.3% (the adult group), respectively, and those of serum PFOA were 80.5% (the children group) and 82.9% (the adult group), respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in the concentration of serum PFOS and PFOA between the urban and rural children groups as well as between the male and female adult groups (both P>0.05). In the urban area, the concentration of serum PFOS of the female adult group (M=2.40 ng/ml, P₂₅=1.58 ng/ml, P₇₅=3.95 ng/ml) was higher than that of the female children group ((M=2.00 ng/ml, P₂₅=0.23 ng/ml, P₇₅=3.20 ng/ml), (Z=-2.565,P=0.010)), but the concentration of serum PFOA of the maleadult group (M=1.80 ng/ml, P₂₅=0.25 ng/ml, P₇₅=5.82 ng/ml) was lower than that of the male children group ((M=3.60 ng/ml, P₂₅=1.13 ng/ml, P₇₅=10.00 ng/ml), (Z=-2.158,P=0.031)). In the rural area, the concentration of serum PFOA of the male adult group (M=1.29 ng/ml, P₂₅=0.05 ng/ml, P₇₅=3.60 ng/ml) was lower than that of the male children group ((M=4.07 ng/ml, P₂₅=0.24 ng/ml, P₇₅=8.34 ng/ml), (Z=-2.820,P=0.005)). The concentration of serum PFOS (M=2.40 ng/ml, P₂₅=1.58 ng/ml, P₇₅=3.95 ng/ml) and PFOA (M=3.30 ng/ml, P₂₅=0.85 ng/ml, P₇₅=6.85 ng/ml) in the urban female adult group was higher than that in the rural female adult group ((M=0.48 ng/ml, P₂₅=0.05 ng/ml, P₇₅=5.02 ng/ml), (Z=-4.316, P<0.001); (M=0.88 ng/ml, P₂₅=0.24 ng/ml, P₇₅=4.05 ng/ml), (Z=-3.639,P<0.001)). There was a positive correlation between serum PFOS and PFOA concentration in the population in Wuhan city. Conclusions Some factors like district, age and physiologic status may lead to differences in the levels of serum PFOS and PFOA of the population. Dietary intake may be the common route exposed to PFOS and PFOA in the population in Wuhan.