健康教育对老一代流动人口健康的影响——来自中国流动人口动态监测调查的证据

目的 评估健康教育对老一代流动人口健康的影响，为提升老一代流动人口健康水平提供建议。方法 基于全国流动人口动态监测调查2018年数据，运用Probit模型和倾向得分匹配方法，分析健康教育对老一代流动人口健康的影响；通过中介效应中的逐步回归法和KHB分解法探究健康教育影响老一代流动人口健康状况的作用机理。结果 Probit模型显示，健康教育对老一代流动人口健康状况有一定促进作用（β = 0.017，95%CI:0.012～0.021）；纠正模型中的内生性问题后，接受健康教育能够使老一代流动人口自评健康状况向好的概率增加2.2%～2.3%（P＜0.001）；异质性分析发现健康教育对于60岁及以上和低收入的老一代流动人口健康水平的提升效果更为明显；健康教育可以显著提高老一代流动人口的健康意识。结论 健康教育既能直接促进老一代流动人口健康状况，又可以通过健康意识间接促进其健康状况；提升老一代流动人口健康水平需从扩大老一代流动人口健康教育的覆盖面，加大对老一代流动人口中健康弱势群体健康教育的普及力度以及引导老一代流动人口树立良好的健康意识三方面入手。

The impact of health education on the health of the older generation of floating population: evidence from the China migrants dynamic survey

Objective To evaluate the impact of health education on the health of the older generation of floating population, and provide recommendations for improving their health. Methods Based on the data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2018, the Probit model and propensity score matching method were used to analyze the impact of health education on the health of the older generation of floating population. The stepwise regression and the KHB decomposition method were used to explore the effect mechanism of health education on the health status of the older generation of floating population. Results The Probit model showed that health education had a certain promotion effect on the health status of the older generation of floating population (β=0.017, 95%CI: 0.012-0.021). After correcting the endogeneity problem in the model, receiving health education could increase the probability of self-rated health status of the older generation of floating population to be better by 2.2% to 2.3% (P<0.001). Heterogeneity analysis found that health education had a more significant effect on improving the health of the older generation of floating population aged 60 and above and low-income. Health education could significantly improve the health awareness of the older generation of floating population. Conclusion Health education can not only directly promote the health status of the older generation of floating population, but also indirectly promote their health status through health awareness. To improve the health of the older generation of floating population, we need to start from three aspects: expanding the coverage of health education, increasing the popularization of health education for vulnerable groups, and guiding them to establish good health education awareness.