河南省老年人日常生活活动能力与社会参与状况分析

目的 了解河南省60岁及以上老年人日常生活活动能力及社会参与现状，并分析其影响因素，为河南省老年人健康促进提供参考依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法从河南省18个地区抽取60岁及以上老年人共8441人进行问卷调查，采用〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗检验和 logistic回归模型分析老年人日常生活活动能力与社会参与的影响因素。结果 本研究共纳入8441名老年人，其中2453人（29.1%）日常生活活动能力受限，6499人（76.9%）未参与社会活动。二元logistic回归分析显示，女性（ OR =1.234，95% CI :1.123~1.356）、70~79岁（ OR =1.540，95% CI :1.360~1.744）、80岁及以上（ OR =3.101，95% CI :2.556~3.762）、无配偶（ OR =1.205，95% CI :1.043~1.392）、肥胖（ OR =1.553，95% CI :1.289~1.871）、自评不健康（ OR =12.454，95% CI :9.785~15.853）、1种慢性病（ OR =2.009，95% CI :1.763~2.290）、2种慢性病（ OR =2.995，95% CI :2.560~3.502）、3种及以上慢性病（ OR =4.453，95% CI :3.320~5.971）是老年人日常生活活动能力受损的危险因素（ P 值均<0．05)，70~79岁（ OR =1.368，95% CI :1.211~1.547）、80岁及以上（ OR =2.187，95% CI :1.726~2.770）、肥胖（ OR =1.362，95% CI :1.109~1.546）、自评不健康（ OR =1.833，95% CI :1.514~2.219）、2种慢性病（ OR =1.125，95% CI :1.035~1.270）、3种及以上慢性病（ OR =1.316，95% CI :1.214~1.476）是老年人社会参与的危险因素（ P 值均<0．05)。结论 河南省老年人日常生活活动能力与社会参与水平较低。可基于影响因素特点，从健康体重、慢性病防治和积极养老入手，提高老年人的日常生活活动能力与社会参与水平。

The status quo of daily living activity ability and social participation among Henan Province elderly

Objective To understand the status quo of daily living activity ability (ADL) and social participation of the elderly aged 60 and above in Henan Province, to analyze the influencing factors, and to provide reference for health promotion of the elderly.]Methods The multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select a total of 8 441 elderly people aged 60 and above from 18 regions of Henan Province for questionnaire survey. And the chi-square test and logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of the elderly’s daily living activities and social participation.]Results A total of 8 441 elderly were included in the study. 2 453 (29.1%) were restricted in ADL ability, and 6 499 (76.9%) did not participate in social activities. The results of binary Logistic regression showed that female gender (OR=1.234, 95%CI:1.123-1.356), age range from 70 to 79 (OR=1.540, 95%CI:1.360-1.744), aged 80 and above (OR=3.101, 95%CI:2.556-3.762), unmarried marital status (OR=1.205, 95%CI:1.043-1.392), obesity (OR=1.553, 95%CI:1.289-1.871), self-reported of unhealthy (OR=12.454, 95%CI:9.785-15.853), a chronic disease (OR=2.009, 95%CI:1.763-2.290), two chronic diseases (OR=2.995, 95%CI:2.560-3.502), three or more chronic diseases (OR=4.453, 95%CI:3.320-5.971) were the risk factors for impaired ability to perform daily living activities in the elderly (P<0.05). Moreover, age range from 70 to 79 (OR=1.368, 95%CI:1.211-1.547), aged 80 and above (OR=2.187, 95%CI:1.726-2.770), obesity (OR=1.362, 95%CI:1.109-1.546), self-reported of unhealthy (OR=1.833, 95%CI:1.514-2.219), two chronic diseases (OR=1.125, 95%CI:1.035-1.270), three or more chronic diseases (OR=1.316, 95%CI:1.214-1.476) were the risk factors for social participation in the elderly (P<0.05).]Conclusion The level of daily living activity and social participation of the elderly in Henan province is relatively low. Based on the characteristics of influencing factors, the elderly’s daily living activities and social participation level can be improved from the aspects of healthy weight, chronic disease prevention and active pension.