城乡空巢老人抑郁症状及影响因素差异研究

目的 分析我国城乡空巢老人的抑郁症状及影响因素的差异。方法 基于2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）数据，纳入2 911名空巢老人，运用χ2检验及二分类logistic回归分析城乡空巢老人抑郁影响因素及差异。结果 我国空巢老人抑郁状况得分为（9.1±6.8），抑郁发生率为36.4%；农村空巢老人抑郁发生率（39.9%）高于城市空巢老人（26.2%）。女性、低文化水平、低夜间睡眠时间、与子女见面频率低、自评健康差、躯体疼痛、活动受限是城乡空巢老人抑郁的共同危险因素。有社会参与（ OR =0.673，95% CI :0.423~0.959， P =0.031）是城市空巢老人特有的保护因素；吸烟（ OR =1.491，95% CI :1.110~2.004， P =0.008）、患慢性病（ OR =1.349，95% CI :1.102~1.650， P =0.004）是农村空巢老人特有的危险因素，受教育程度高（ OR =0.619，95% CI :0.385~0.996， P =0.048）是农村空巢老人特有的保护因素。结论 我国空巢老人抑郁水平较高且存在城乡差异。农村地区空巢老人抑郁水平更高，影响因素更复杂。应制定有效措施有针对性的干预城乡空巢老人心理健康。

Study on the difference of depressive symptoms and influencing factors between urban and rural empty nest elderly

Objective To analyze the differences of depressive symptoms and influencing factors between urban and rural empty-nesters in China.]Methods Based on the data of China Health and elderly care follow-up survey (CHARLS) in 2018, 2911 empty nesters were included. The influencing factors and differences of depression between urban and rural empty nesters were analyzed by Chi-square test and 2-test and binary logistic regression.]Results The depression score of empty nesters in China was (9.1±6.8), and the incidence of depression was 36.4%; The incidence of depression in rural empty nesters (39.9%) was higher than that in urban empty nesters (26.2%). Female, low educational level, low night sleep time, low frequency of meeting with children, poor self-rated health, physical pain, and limited activity are the common risk factors of depression in urban and rural empty nesters. Social participation (OR= 0.673, P=0.031) was a unique protective factor for urban empty nesters; Smoking (OR=1.529, P=0.007) and chronic diseases (OR= 1.381, P=0.003) were the unique risk factors of rural empty nesters, and high education (OR=0.619, P=0.048) was the unique protective factor of rural empty nesters.]Conclusion the depression level of the empty nest elderly in China is high, and there are differences between urban and rural areas. The depression level of empty nesters in rural areas is higher, and the influencing factors are more complex. Effective measures should be formulated to intervene in the mental health of urban and rural empty-nest elderly.