重症监护病房医院感染流行病学调查及预防

目的：探讨重症监护病房（ICU）医院感染流行病学的特征和相关因素，为预防控制医院感染提供依据，方法：对2002年1月～2004年12月收治的319例ICU患者进行医院感染回顾性调查。结果：ICU医院感染发生率17，24％，常见感染部位前5位的是下呼吸道感染50．9l％、上呼吸道感染20．00％、泌尿道感染9．09r‰、胃肠遭感染7．27％、血液感染5，45％；分离出病原菌29株，革兰阴性菌占62．07％；居前3位的是假单胞菌31．03％、金黄色葡萄球菌20．69％、不动杆菌17，24％；医院感染的危险因素是使用呼吸机、泌尿道插管、动静脉插管、留ICU时间长。结论：ICU医院感染发生率高；病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主；应针对相关危险因索和常见医院感染进行预防。

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of nosocomial infection(NI) in Intensive Care Unit(ICU).Methods:A retrospective study was carried out to investigate the NI in ICU during the period from January,2002 to Decemember,2004.Results:The overall incidence of NI was 17.24%(55/319),the common 5 types of NI were lower respiratory tract infection(50.91%),upper respiratory tract infection(20.00%),urinary tract infection(9.09%),gastrointes-timal infection(7.27%)and blood infection(5.45%).29 strains were isolated among which the Gram-negative bacteria was 62.07%(18/29).The leading causative microorganisms were Pseudomonas(31.03%),Staphylococcus aureus(20.69%),Acinetobacter(17.24%);The risk factors for NI were as follows:respiratory ventilator,indwelling catheter,blood catheter and long ICU stay.Conclusion:The incidence rate of NI was high in ICU;The leading causative microorganisms were Gram-negative bacteria;The measures should be adopted to prevent and control NI according to the risk factors and the common types of NI.