上海市嘉定区社区居民和学生合理营养知识健康教育干预效果评估

目的 了解上海市嘉定区居民和学生合理营养知识的知晓水平，找出重点干预内容，评价健康教育干预效果。方法 根据系统抽样与简单随机抽样相结合的方法，分别于干预前、后在嘉定区所有的14个镇、街道各随机选择1个居委（村）、1所学校（小学或中学），随机抽取部分人群进行问卷调查；健康教育采取点、面结合，广泛宣传的方式。结果 基线调查结果显示居民和学生合理营养知识总知晓率达到80．2％，其中大多数有关合理营养的基础知识和相关知识、中国居民膳食指南和平衡膳食宝塔知识的知晓率均超过50％，但对合理膳食和营养不良的概念等部分知识的知晓率较低；干预后调查对象在平均得分、总知晓率和各类知识的知晓率上均有显著提高，总知晓率达到88．5％。结论 合理营养知识健康教育效果明显，但要真正改变人们的饮食行为，实现由知识的获得、态度的转变到行为实践的飞跃，仍需要进行长期广泛而持续的营养教育工作。

Effectiveness of health education intervention on rational nutrition knowledge of community residents and students in Jiading District, Shanghai

Objective To understand the awareness situation of rational nutrition knowledge of community residents and students in Jiading District,Shanghai,find out the key points of intervention and evaluate the effectiveness of health education.Methods Some subjects were randomly chosen from one village,one school(primary or middle school) to answer the same questionnaire about rational nutrition knowledge before and after the intervention respectively.Comprehensive intervention ways were used in health education.Results The total awareness rates of rational nutrition knowledge was 80.2% among the residents and students.The awareness rates of the basic knowledge related to rational nutrition,chinese instruction for diet and knowledge for balance diet pagoda were more than 50%.The awareness rates of knowledge for rational nutrition and malnutrition was relatively low.Subjects had significant improvement on the average score,the related knowledge awareness rates and the total knowledge awareness rate(88.5%) after the intervention.Conclusion Health education intervention on rational nutrition knowledge is effective;Performing a long,extensive and lasting health education on rational nutrition knowledge is vital to significantly change the eating habits and realize the transition from getting knowledge,changing attitude to behavior practice.