选择性缄默症儿童的心理行为问题分析

目的 研究选择性缄默症儿童的行为表现,为患儿的治疗方法选择提供依据。方法 2015年1月—2016年12月对39例选择性缄默症儿童的家长进行量表调查,采用CBCL行为量表评估儿童的行为问题。结果 选择性缄默症儿童大部分在学龄期出现症状,过半数儿童与家人言语沟通无异常。在社会能力中,选择性缄默症儿童主要是在学校情况表现较正常儿童低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);男女童在分裂强迫、抑郁,社会退缩等这几方面的问题明显高于正常儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。选择性缄默症男童、女童在活动能力、社交能力、学校情况方面差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。在行为问题各因子上,男女童在抑郁、体诉、社会退缩、违纪、多动、攻击性等方面,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 针对选择性缄默症儿童的行为特点,对患儿的治疗要早期干预,男童、女童针对性不同,家庭学校相结合,并有相对应的抗焦虑治疗。

Analysis of psychological behaviors in children with selective mutism

Objective To study the behaviors of children with selective mutism,in order to provide evidence for treatment options . Method Totally 39 parents of children with selective mutism were surveyed by questionnaires to assess their behavioral problems from Janunry 2015 to December 2016. Results Symptoms of children with selective mutism occurred mostly at school age,and half of the children had no abnormal verbal communication with their families.Children with selective mutism were not significantly as good as normal children in school performance(P＜0.05).But problems of division,compulsion,depression and social withdrawal in selective mutism children were significantly higher than those in normal children.There were no significant differences on activity ability,social ability and school performance among boys and girls with selective mutism (all P＞0.05).However,behavioral problems including depression,body complaints,social withdrawal,discipline,hyperactivity and aggressive were significantly different between boys and girls with selective mutism (all P＜0.05). Conclusions According to the behavioral characteristics of children with selective mutism,early intervention is suggested to be made for children′s treatment.Family,school and medical staff should cooperate to give targeted intervention for boys and girls,along with anti-anxiety therapy.