土家族聚居区儿童青少年视力不良状况

  目的  了解土家族聚居区土家族和汉族儿童青少年视力不良状况，为少数民族地区儿童青少年近视防控提供参考。  方法  对湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州利川市2所小学的土家族和汉族共3 437名7~12岁小学生进行整群抽样，检测视力状况，并采用χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析土家族与汉族学生视力不良情况及其影响因素。  结果  土家族聚居区儿童青少年总体视力不良检出率为44.9%，个体的左右眼视力不良程度存在差异，且不同民族、性别、年级和体质量指数(BMI)的学生筛查性视力不良检出率不同，差异均有统计学意义(左眼:χ2值分别为22.10，18.43，19.06，17.97，右眼:χ2值分别为17.52，20.44，21.49，18.61，P值均＜0.05)。民族、性别、年级和BMI是影响土家族聚居区儿童青少年视力不良的因素，其中儿童青少年超重、肥胖与视力不良呈正相关(OR值分别为1.81，1.70，95%CI分别为1.76~1.92，1.66~1.82，P值均 < 0.01)。  结论  土家族聚居区土家族儿童青少年视力不良问题严峻，应采取有效的干预措施预防儿童青少年的近视问题。

Low vision among children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas

  Objective  To understand the prevalence of low vision among Tujia and Han children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents in minority areas.  Methods  A cluster sampling of Tujia and Han primary school students from two primary schools in Lichuan City, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province (2 466 Tujia and 971 Han) were selected for visual acuity assessment. Univariate χ2 test and multivariate Logistic analysis were used. Low vision and associated factors between Tujia and Han nationality were compared.  Results  The overall detection rate of low vision among children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas was 44.9%. There were differences in the degree of low vision in the left and right eyes of individuals, and the detection rate of low vision varied significantly by ethnic, gender and grade (χ2=22.10, 18.43, 19.06, 17.97 for the left eye, 17.52, 20.44, 21.49, 18.61 for the right eye, P < 0.05). There were many factors affecting low vision among children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas, overweight and obesity were negatively associated with low vision (OR=1.81, 1.70, 95%CI=1.76-1.92, 1.66-1.82, P < 0.01).  Conclusion  Low vision is highly prevalent in Tujia children and adolescents. Effective intervention measures should be taken to treat and prevent myopia in children and adolescents.