个性化营养干预对改善学龄儿童消瘦肥胖的效果评估

探讨肥胖、消瘦儿童的个性化营养干预模式效果,为推广适宜学生群体的营养改善方案提供理论依据.方法 选取上海市某小学44名肥胖学生和43名消瘦学生随机分为干预组(42人)和对照组(45人),对干预组学生及其家长进行9个月的个性化营养干预,营养干预措施包括有针对性的营养教育、跟踪随访、三餐的干预、微文推送及在线营养咨询等,并在干预前后分别进行学生、家长的营养知信行问卷调查和学生体质测量.结果 干预后,干预组学生营养知识、态度和行为得分较对照组均有提升,分别提高了0.66,0.96和1.66分(Z值分别为-2.274,-2.850,-2.120,P值均<0.05).干预前后比较,干预组学生BMI和体脂率有一定的改变,但差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);干预组肥胖学生肱三头肌皮褶厚度、肩胛下皮褶厚度下降(t值分别为2.491,2.149,P值均<0.05),而消瘦学生增加(t值分别为-2.674,-2.752,P值均<0.05).干预组学生的家长营养态度、行为得分干预后也有提升,分别提高了0.88,0.54分(Z值分别为-2.874,-2.902,P值均<0.05).结论 个性化营养干预对肥胖、消瘦的学生有一定效果,该模式可进一步研究和推广.

Effects of personalized nutrition intervention on obese and wasting students

Objective To evaluate the effect of personalized nutrition intervention on obese and wasting students,and to provide a theoretical basis for further application.Methods A total of 44 obese students and 43 wasting students from a primary school in Shanghhai were included.Students and their parents in the intervention group participated in a nine-month personalized intervention.The interventions included targeted nutrition education,follow-ups,meal-intervention,WeChat media spreading and online nutrition consttltancy.The nutrition questionnaires were conducted among all students and parents and the students' height,weight,body fat as well as skinfold thickness were examined before and after the intervention.Results Compared to the control group,students' scores of intervention group in nutrition knowledge,attitude and behavior were significantly improved by 0.66,0.96 and 1.66,respectively after the intervention(Z=-2.274,-2.850,-2.120,P<0.05).The change of BMI and body fat was not seen in the statistical way (P>0.05).The skinfold thickness of triceps and subscapular decreased in intervention group of obese students(t=-2.491,2.149,P<0.05),but increased among wasting students(t=-2.674,-2.752,P