杭州市余杭区人群基础出生缺陷普查及高危因素研究

目的:获得余杭区出生缺陷基本信息,寻找出生缺陷高危因素,为出生缺陷病因学研究及防治措施提供可靠依据。方法:对2007年6月1日～2010年5月31日分娩(孕周≥28周),在余杭区进行出生申报的21713名0～3岁婴幼儿进行出生缺陷信息收集。根据基线调查结果,采用1:2病例对照研究方法,收集出生缺陷组及对照组孕母人口学特征、孕前及妊娠期精神情况、药物暴露史等信息。结果:共筛查出生缺陷儿365名。出生缺陷高危因素分析发现,家庭收入低、母亲健康状况差、孕前3个月工作强度高、精神压力大和妊娠期间服用药物等因素是余杭地区出生缺陷发生的高危因素。此外,孕妇妊娠期存在被动吸烟情况、配偶健康状况差及生育年龄>35岁也会增加出生缺陷发生危险。结论:进一步加强优生优育宣教,提高育龄妇女自我保健意识,深化出生缺陷一级预防干预策略,以降低出生缺陷发生风险。

Prevalence of birth defects and related risk factors among children age 0 - 3 years old in Yuhang District

Objective： To know about the prevalence of birth defects in Yuhang District of Hangzhou City and to explore the risk factors related to birth defects. Methods： A total of 21 713 children aged 0 -3 years old were investigated in Yuhang Dis- trict. A case - control study was used to determine potential risk factors. Results ： A total of 365 children with birth defects were found. Low income, poor health during pregnancy, strenuous work for women three months before pregnancy and taking medicine during pregnancy could increase the risk of birth defects. Moreover, experience of second - smoking exposure for pregnant women, spouses＇poor health status and elder age （above 35 years old） also contributed to birth defects. Conclusion： It is necessary to prevent birth defects by improving the knowledge about health care among pregnant women and providing primary prevention strategy.