基于学校的小学生家庭减盐健康教育前后血压变化分析

目的 了解长治市市区小学生及其家长有关高血压及其影响因素的相关知识，探讨家庭减盐健康教育在控制血压中的作用，为高血压的有效防控提供参考依据。方法 从长治市28所小学的五年级中各选取一个班，随机分为干预组和对照组，每班中再随机抽取10名学生及其家长作为研究对象。干预组学生进行3.5个月的减盐健康教育，并将减盐相关知识传递给家长。然后对两组学生和家长进行健康教育前后的问卷调查和体格检查。结果 学生和家长健康教育后对食盐推荐摄入量的知晓率提高。健康教育后干预组家长收缩压（systolic blood pressure，SBP）较之前增加了（1.79±11.35） mm Hg，对照组增加了（4.73±13.24） mm Hg，差别有统计学意义（t=2.703，P=0.007）；健康教育后干预组家长舒张压（diastolic blood pressure，DBP）增加（1.37±9.50） mm Hg，对照组增加（3.09±10.23） mm Hg，差别有统计学意义（t=2.711，P=0.007）。多元回归分析结果显示干预组女性体质指数（body mass index，BMI）越高，基线SBP越低，则家长的SBP差值越大；干预组BMI越高，基线DBP越低，则家长的DBP差值越大。结论 小学生家庭减盐健康教育可以有效地降低家长的血压水平，对高血压的防控有一定的参考意义。

Analysis of blood pressure changes before and after education of salt reduction in primary students and their families

Objective To know the relevant knowledge of hypertension and its influence among the primary school students and their parents in Changzhi urban area, and discuss the effect of family salt reducing education on blood pressure control, so as to provide reference for effective hypertension prevention and control. Methods Every class was chosen randomly from the 28 primary schools' per grade five in Changzhi urban area, and they were divided into intervention group and control group. Then10 students and their parents were randomly selected as study subjects. Students in the intervention group were taught to reduce their salt taking for 3.5 months and then disseminated salt reducing knowledge to their parents. Questionnaire survey and physical examination were performed in the two groups of students and their parents before and after the health education. Results The awareness rate of the students and their parents increased significantly after health education. After health education, systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased(1.79±11.35)mm Hg compared with before. SBP of parents in control group increased (4.73 ±13.24) mm Hg and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.703, P=0.007). The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of parents in control group increased by (1.37±9.50) mm Hg compared with before. The DBP of parents in control group increased by added(3.09±10.23)mm Hg and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.711, P=0.007). Multiple regression analysis method showed that women in control group with higher body mass index (BMI) and lower basic SBP which were equipped with wider SBP variation. Members in control group with higher BMI and lower basic DBP which were equipped with wider DBP variation. Conclusion The primary school students' family salt taking reducing health education could decrease their parents' blood pressure level and it provided valuable references for hypertension prevention and control.