氧气湿化装置的设计改进及预防气溶胶传播的研究

目的研究常规氧疗时氧气加湿过程中气溶胶产生和输送的变化,寻找解决气溶胶产生和微生物传播的方法,探讨解决吸氧相关医院肺炎的方案。方法应用常规入水湿化和仿生学表面湿化两种装置,在吸氧管终端,通过激光粒子计数仪进行气溶胶计数;改变仿生学表面湿化器的结构后,按相同方式进行气溶胶计数,观察气溶胶数量和粒径的变化。湿源物质中添加三氯化铁和可溶性淀粉后,观察是否分别与吸氧管终端硫氰酸铵和碘制剂发生显色反应,来进行气溶胶输送的定性研究。结果氧气入水湿化后产生大量0.3~3μm的气溶胶,相同流量下,气泡产生越多越细,气溶胶数量越多。而经过表面湿化后,终端氧气中的气溶胶显著减少,气溶胶数量和粒径与所用湿源物质的性质以及表面结构无关。表面湿化不能将湿源物质中的溶质输送到终端,进而有效解决了传统入水湿化过程中气溶胶携带湿化液污染与有害溶质的潜在危害,对预防吸氧相关医院肺炎具有重大意义。

Design Improvement of Oxygen Humidification Device and Research about Prevention of Aerosol Transmission

Objective In order to study the change of aerosol during oxygen humidifying,and to find the method of solving the problem of aerosol generation and microorganism propagation,also to discuss the plan of solving pneumonia related to oxygen uptake. Methods Applied two types of humidifier. One is unique bionic humidifier through surface of humidification material , the other is conventional bubble humidifier. The amount of aerosol in oxygen samples are counted by laser particle counter at the end of oxygen cannula. 0.3,0.5,1, 3, 5μm aerosol is generated and transmitted obviously by bubble humidifiers and solute in bubble humidifiers reservoir can be delivered to the end of oxygen cannula. Results The more fine bubble generated in bubble humidifier, the more aerosol transmitted to the end of cannula. However, aerosol is significantly decreased at the end of bionic humidifiers, and solute in bionic humidifier is not delivered to the end of oxygen cannula. So it is justified to say that aerosol is less likely to be carried through bionic humidification mimicking nose and respiratory membrane. The amount of aerosol is not statistically correlated to surface structure and humidification material in bionic humidifier group. If transmission route is broken, in which the aerosol, as media to transmit microorganism, is eliminated, it would be impossible for patient to be infected nosocomial pneumonia related to oxygen therapy. Bionic humidifier will play important role in preventing nosocomial pneumonia.