Evaluation based on systematic review of epidemiological evidence among Japanese populations: tobacco smoking and total cancer risk |
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Authors: | Inoue Manami Tsuji Ichiro Wakai Kenji Nagata Chisato Mizoue Tetsuya Tanaka Keitaro Tsugane Shoichiro;Research Group for the Development and Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan |
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Affiliation: | Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan. mnminoue@gan2.res.ncc.go.jp |
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Abstract: | BACKGROUND: We evaluated the association between tobacco smoking and total cancer risk among Japanese populations based on a systematic review of epidemiological evidence. METHODS: Original data were obtained from searches of MEDLINE using PubMed, complemented with manual searches. Evaluation of associations was based on the strength of evidence and the magnitude of association, together with biological plausibility as previously evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Meta-analysis of associations was also conducted to obtain summary estimates of association. RESULTS: A total of eight cohort studies were identified. In men, all studies consistently showed a moderately increased risk of total cancer in current smokers compared with never-smokers. In women, an increase in risk was seen but was weaker than in men. The summary relative risk was estimated as 1.53 (95% confidence interval 1.41-1.65). CONCLUSION: We conclude that there is convincing evidence that current tobacco smoking moderately increases the risk ( approximately 1.5 times) of total cancer in the Japanese population compared with never-smoking Japanese. |
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Keywords: | systematic review epidemiology tobacco smoking total cancer Japanese |
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