慢性眼移植物抗宿主病的临床特点及相关机制的新进展

异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)可有效治疗多种血液病,目前随着移植技术的不断提高和经济水平的飞速发展,越来越多的血液病患者因接受了allo-HSCT治疗而得以长期存活。慢性眼移植物抗宿主病(coGVHD)是allo-HSCT术后最常见的眼部并发症,主要表现为难治性干眼,严重时可导致眼表稳态失衡、角膜缘干细胞缺乏而出现角膜穿孔、睑球粘连等威胁视功能和眼健康的一系列并发症,治疗十分棘手。目前,国际上对coGVHD的临床表现、诊断标准、治疗规范、致病机制的研究逐步深入,而国内的研究及临床规范的建立尚处于起步阶段。本文对coGVHD的临床特点和相关机制的研究进展进行综述,以期加深眼科医师尤其角膜眼表疾病专科医师对该病的认识,为今后的深入研究提供新的思路。

New progress on clinical characteristics and related mechanisms of chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) could effectively treat multiple hematological diseases. At present, with persistent improvement of transplantation techniques and rapid development of economy, more and more patients with hematological diseases are able to survive for a long time due to allo-HSCT treatment. Chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease(coGVHD) is the most common ocular complication after alloHSCT, which is primarily manifested with refractory dry eye. In severe cases, it may cause imbalance of ocular surface homeostasis and limbal stem cell insufficiency, further leading to a series of complications that threaten the visual function and eye health, such as corneal perforation and symblepharon, etc. It is highly difficult to cure these symptoms. At present,relevant studies of clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, treatment specification and pathogenesis of coGVHD have been gradually deepened within the international community. However, related research and the establishment of clinical specification are still in the primary stage in China. In this article, research progress on clinical characteristics and related mechanisms of coGVHD was reviewed, aiming to deepen the understanding of this disease by ophthalmologists, especially specialists in corneal and ocular surface diseases, and provide novel ideas for subsequent in-depth research.