钛制弹性髓内针在成人锁骨中段骨折中的应用

目的:探讨弹性髓内针治疗锁骨中段骨折的手术技巧、注意事项和并发症,评价治疗效果。方法:2006年6月至2009年1月收集锁骨中段完全移位性骨折28例,男19例,女9例;年龄19～67岁,平均39.0岁;左侧14例,右侧14例;简单骨折15例,楔形骨折8例,粉碎型骨折5例;平均病程2.9 d。术前患者肩部肿胀畸形,上臂贴胸不能活动,X线片示锁骨中段完全移位性骨折。术前平均缩短率6.76%,骨折愈合后测量锁骨长度,肩部功能采用Constant和Murley肩关节评分,上肢活动障碍程度采用DASH(Disability of the Arm,Shoulder,and Hand)评分。结果:钛制弹性髓内针闭合治疗26例,开放复位穿钉2例,均获得满意解剖复位。平均随访时间10个月,骨折平均愈合时间11.5周,无严重并发症发生。愈合后锁骨平均缩短率3.38%,较术前改善。Constant和Murley肩关节评分平均(97.0±4.2)分,DASH评分平均(3.4±4.8)分。患者对功能和外观满意。结论:钛制弹性髓内针治疗锁骨中段骨折具有诸多优点,可作为钢板治疗和非手术治疗替代方法。

Use of titanium elastic intramedullary nails in the treatment of adult midshaft clavicular fractures:technical skills,precautions and complications

Objective:To discuss surgical skills,precautions and complications of using titanium elastic intramedullary nails in the treatment of adult midshaft clavicular fractures and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. Methods:From June 2006 to January 2009,28 patients with completely displaced midshaft clavicular fractures (15 simple fractures,8 wedge fractures and 5 comminuted fractures) were enrolled in the study,included 19 males and 9 females with a mean age of 39.0 years (range 19-67 years). The injury was on the left side in 14 cases and on the right side in 14 cases. The mean course of disease was 2.9 days. The shoulders of the patients were swollen,deformed and disabled before operation. X-rays revealed complete displacement of the clavicle. The mean clavicular shortening after injury was 6.76% vs that measured after bone healing. The Constant-Murley Shoulder Scoring System was used to assess shoulder function,and the DASH Score was used to assess the disability degree of the upper arm. Results:Closed operation with titanium elastic intramedullary nails was undertaken in 26 cases,and open reduction was performed in the remaining two cases. Satisfactory reduction was achieved in all patients,who were followed up for a mean of 10 months (range 6-15 months). The mean union time was 11.5 weeks. No severe complication occurred in any patient. The mean clavicular shortening after bone healing was 3.38%,which was significantly different as compared with the mean clavicular shortening after injury. Constant-Murley Shoulder Score was (97.0±4.2),and DASH score was (3.4±4.8). Anatomical reduction,functional recovery and appearance were satisfactory in all patients. Conclusion:Treatment of adult midshaft clavicular fractures with titanium elastic intramedullary nails is advantageous and may prove to be an alternative option for nonsurgical treatment and plate osteosynthesis of midshaft clavicular fractures in adults.