小颌畸形患者的围术期气道管理

小颌畸形患者因口咽腔容积小、舌体相对肥大,易出现鼾症、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征等,是困难气道高发人群。除气道结构异常外,小颌畸形患者还可合并中枢性呼吸暂停、神经系统异常以及心血管畸形等情况,因此,这类患者围术期气道管理存在巨大挑战。本文通过回顾近5年小颌畸形相关文献,以此类患者气道解剖结构特点为基础,对小颌畸形患者围手术期气道管理的研究进展进行综述。

Perioperative airway management of patients with micrognathia

Patients with micrognathia commonly suffer from snoring and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome due to their small oropharyngeal cavity volume and relatively large tongue who are at high risk of difficult airways. In addition to the abnormal structure of the airway, patients with micrognathia can also be diagnosed with central sleep apnea, neurological abnormalities, cardiovascular anomaly. Therefore, the risk of difficult airway is elevated in patients with micrognathia, and airway management remains a huge challenge. By reviewing the literature on micrognathia in the recent five years, an approach of perioperative airway management that is based on the characteristic airway structure of patients with micrognathia is presented.