警惕开腹胆囊切除手术过程中下腔静脉"阻断现象"

目的 本文旨在探讨开腹胆囊切除手术过程中是否存在下腔静脉受压产生"阻断现象".方法 选择在全麻加硬膜外麻醉下开腹胆囊切除手术病人30例,麻醉诱导插管后行右颈内静脉和股静脉穿刺置管,连续监测CVP和下腔静脉压(IVCP),观察并记录开腹前、牵拉胆囊时、深部拉钩牵开后5、10、15 min及关腹后CVP、MAP、HR、IVCP的变化,并进行显著性检验.结果 该组病例在切除胆囊过程中HR并没有显著变化(P>0.05),而MAP、CVP均不同程度下降(P<0.01),尤以CVP变化最明显(P<0.01)同时伴有下腔静脉压升高(P<0.01),这种变化在腹腔大盐水纱布垫填塞和深部拉钩牵开15 min内变化最明显,关腹后CVP、MAP、IVCP均恢复开腹前水平(P>0.05).结论 开腹胆囊切除手术过程中确实不同程度地存在下腔静脉受压,静脉回流受阻,即"下腔静脉阻断现象",是导致病人血流动力学变化的主要原因之一.要求麻醉医生在麻醉管理中加快补液速度,同时提醒手术医生在血压下降时注意改变拉钩的姿势和力量,以减轻对下腔静脉的压迫.

Guard against "block phenomenon" for inferior vena cava being in compression during open cholecystectomy

Objective To explore the existence of "block phenomenon" of the inferior vena cava being in compression during open cholecystectomy.Methods A total of 30 patients receiving open cholecystectomy under the general anesthesia and epidural anesthesia in our hospital were selected.The right internal jugular vein and femoral vein catheterization was performed after the anesthesia induction and intubation to continuously monitor CVP and the inferior vena cava pressure (IVCP).Meanwhile, the changes in CVP, MAP, HR, IVCP before abdominal opening,upon pulling gallblad-der as well as 5 min, 10 min and 15 minutes after the opening of deep retractors were observed, recor-ded and compared.Results The HR of patients during cholecystectomy did not changed significantly (P>0.05) but MAP and CVP were decreased markedly (P<0.01).Furthermore, there was remark-able increase of pressure in the inferior vena (P<0.01).These changes were the most obvious during the filling of saline gauze pads in the abdominal cavity and within the first 15 rain of deep retractors led.After the closure of abdominal wall, the levels of CVP, MAP and IVCP returned to those before the abdominal opening.Conclusion The "block phenomenon" of the inferior vena cava during open cholecystectomy do exist in different degrees and it is the main reason for the patients' hemodynamic variety.This requires the anesthesiologists to hint the surgeon in the management of anesthesia to consider changing the posture and strength of retractors while the blood pressure is decreasing to avoid cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.