食管癌术后早期并发症及死亡原因分析

目的探讨食管癌患者术后早期常见并发症的发生、死亡原因及其防治措施。方法根据收治的不同年代,将2085例食管癌患者分为3组。A组:1963～1983年收治的332例食管癌患者;B组:1984～1993年收治的727例食管癌患者;C组:1994～2003年收治的1026例食管癌患者。对其术后影响吻合口瘘、心肺并发症发生的因素等进行分析。结果2085例食管癌患者中手术切除肿瘤1894例,手术切除率90.84%(1894/2085);术后并发症发生率11.61%(242/2085),手术死亡率1.82%(38/2085),肺部并发症发生率3.93%(82/2085),吻合口瘘发生率3.12%(59/1894),心血管并发症发生率1.29%(27/2085)。B组和C组手术切除率高于A组(P<0.05),并发症发生率和手术死亡率低于A组(P<0.05);C组手术切除率高于B组,除肺部并发症外,其他并发症发生率和病死率均低于B组。结论肺部并发症和吻合口瘘是食管癌术后常见的并发症和主要死亡原因,随着近年来麻醉和手术技术的提高,围手术期治疗经验的积累,术后并发症发生率和病死率已在逐步降低。

Analysis of Postoperative Complications and Cause of Death for Carcinoma of Esophagus

Objective To analyse postoperative complications and cause of death for carcinoma of esophagus. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken for data of 2 085 patients with esophageal carcinoma from 1963 to 2003, the patients were divided into group A (332 cases,1963-1983), group B(727 cases,1984-1993) and group C (1 026 cases,1994-2003) by time. The postoperative complications and cause of death were analysed. Results Resectability rate, incidence rate of postoperative complications and hospital mortality were 90.84%(1 894/2 085), 11.61% (242/2 085) and 1.82% (38/2 085) respectively. Main complications were pulmonary complications (3.93%,82/2 085),anastomotic leak (3.12%,59/1 894), and cardiovascular disease (1.29%,27/2 085). Resectability rate of group B and group C were higher than that of group A, incidence rate of postoperative complications and hospital mortality of group B and group C were lower than that of group A. Resectability rate of group C were higher than that of group B, incidence rate of postoperative complications except pulmonary complications and hospital mortality of group C were lower than those of group B. Conclusions Pulmonary complications and anastomotic leak are main postoperative complications and cause of hospital death for carcinoma of esophagus, they are decreasing in recent years because of the progress of anesthetic,surgical technique and perioperative management.