恒牙先天缺失患者蝶鞍和颅底的头影测量研究

目的 探究不同程度恒牙先天缺失患者蝶鞍与颅底的大小及形态差异。 方法 选取2020—2021年就诊于四川大学华西口腔医院正畸科的322例患者为研究对象，依据先天缺牙数目将患者分为3组：对照组（无恒牙先天缺失，112例）；试验Ⅰ组（先天缺失1~2颗恒牙，104例）；试验Ⅱ组（先天缺失3颗及以上恒牙，106例）。使用Uceph头影测量软件对每位患者头颅侧位片的蝶鞍的长度、深度和直径以及颅底相关线性和角度参数进行测量。对每位患者的蝶鞍形态进行判定。采用SPSS 21.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。 结果 3组的蝶鞍长度、深度、直径以及颅底相关的线性和角度参数差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。3组的鞍桥发生率的差异有统计学意义（P=0.013），试验组高于对照组（P<0.05），试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 虽然蝶鞍的线性大小及颅底特征在正常人和先天缺牙患者中未见明显差异，但在先天缺牙患者中鞍桥发生率更高，提示该人群的蝶鞍解剖学形态可能异常。

Morphometric evaluation of sella turcica and cranial base in patients with congenital absence of teeth

Objective To evaluate the size and shape of sella turcica and cranial base in patients with different degrees of congenital absence of teeth. Methods The subjects comprised 322 patients from the Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University from 2020 to 2021. Based on the number of congenital absence of teeth, the patients were divided into three groups: control group (without loss of teeth, n=112), group Ⅰ (loss of 1-2 teeth, n=104), and group Ⅱ (loss of 3 or more teeth, n=106). Uceph cephalometric software was used to measure the linear and angular parameters of cranial base. The length, depth, and diameter of sella turcica were also calculated. The shape of sella turcica was described as normal or with aberrations. Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H test, chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test were conducted with SPSS 21.0. Results No statistical differences were observed in the length, depth, and diameter of sella turcica and parameters related to the cranial base among the three groups (P>0.05). The incidence of sella turcica bridge among the three groups was statistically significant (P=0.013). The incidence was higher in the study group compared with the control group (P<0.05), and no significant difference was observed between groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P>0.05). Conclusion Although the linear size of sella turcica and parameters related to the cranial base was not statistically different between normal subjects and patients with congenital absence of teeth, the incidence of sella turcica bridge was higher in patients with congenital absence of teeth, suggesting the possibly abnormal anatomical morphology of sella turcica in this population.