药物控释体系用于局部麻醉的研究进展

减少用药次数、延长术后镇痛时间是临床局部麻醉的重要需求。然而，无论是当前临床使用的局麻药，还是生物毒素类潜在新型麻醉药均存在时效较短的问题。利用脂质体、聚合物微球等药物载体装载局麻药进行控释，可实现药物的长效、按需释放，从而满足临床需求。本文简要概述可用于局麻药控释的药物载体，并介绍具有代表性的药物控释体系的设计、功能及其用于局部麻醉的最新研究进展，同时对此研究领域的挑战及未来前景进行讨论。

Progress of Drug Controlled Release Systems for Local Anesthesia

Reducing the drug administration times and prolonging the postoperative analgesia duration are important requirements of clinical local anesthesia. However, both local anesthetics currently used in the clinic and potentially new anesthetic drugs such as biological toxins have limited pharmaceutical effect. Biomaterials such as liposomes and polymeric microspheres can be designed to load local anesthetics to achieve a prolonged duration and on-demand drug release, accordingly satisfying clinical needs. In this review, we briefly summarized the recent developments in the design of drug delivery systems for controlled release of local anesthetics, and introduced the design principle, the function of several representative drug controlled release systems, and their applications in local anesthesia. We also discussed the challenges and future perspectives in this field.