美国、英国及澳大利亚青少年慢性病患者医疗保健过渡项目比较

目的 比较分析美国、英国及澳大利亚开展的青少年慢性病患者医疗保健过渡项目,总结其可借鉴的经验和做法。方法 采用同类横向比较的方法,从各国医疗过渡项目的概述、具体内容、各阶段任务及评价方面进行定性比较分析。结果 各国共性经验包括：定期并持续评估青少年慢性病患者对医疗过渡、健康状况的认知、自我管理知识及技能掌握等情况,并根据评估结果进行针对性问题解决及目标计划设定;利用信息网络平台为青少年患者及其父母/照顾者提供丰富信息支持;为青少年患者及其父母/照顾者提供咨询服务,鼓励青少年患者独立参与医疗决策及咨询;针对青少年患者的年龄及发展特点,分阶段实施医疗过渡项目。结论 我国可借鉴各国医疗过渡项目经验,建立以问题和需求为导向的医疗过渡服务体系,制定阶段性医疗过渡计划,利用信息化网络平台为青少年患者及其父母/照顾者提供信息支持、咨询服务及医疗转接等医疗过渡内容。

Comparison of Health Care Transition Programs for Adolescents with Chronic Disease in the United States,the United Kingdom and Australia

Objective To compare and summarize the experience of health care transition programs for adolescent patients with chronic diseases in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia. Methods Qualitative comparative analysis was conducted and the overview, specific content, tasks of each stage and evaluation of health care transition programs in different countries was analyzed by adopting the method of similar horizontal comparison. Results Common experience in various countries included: periodical and continuous assessment of adolescent patients with chronic diseases on perception of health care transition and health status, self-management knowledge and skills, etc.; targeted problems-solving and goals-planning according to the assessment; rich information support for adolescent patients and their parents/caregivers by information network platform; counselling services for adolescent patients and their parents/caregivers, and encouraging their independent participation in medical decision-making and counselling; phased implementation of health care transition program according to the age and developmental characteristics of adolescent patients. Conclusion We can learn from the experience of transition programs in other countries, establish a problem- and need-oriented transition service system for a phased health care plan, and information support, counseling service and medical transfer service for adolescent patients and their parents/caregivers.