社区居家失能老人口腔吞咽现状及其对心理健康的影响研究

目的 调查社区居家失能老人口腔吞咽现状,并分析其对心理健康的影响。方法 采用方便抽样法,对207名社区居家失能老人进行问卷调查。结果 社区居家失能老人口腔健康状况得分（8.45±3.51）分,前3位口腔问题为天然齿缺如、口腔卫生状况不佳、义齿破损或未正确佩戴;吞咽功能得分3（1,9）分,功能正常94名（45.4%）,功能异常113名（54.6%）;心理健康状况得分（18.26±7.41）分,良好102名（49.3%）,异常105名（50.7%）;失能老人口腔健康、吞咽功能、心理健康三者间呈正相关（P<0.001）;口腔健康状况不佳（OR=1.155,P<0.05）、吞咽功能异常（OR=4.155,P=0.001）是失能老人心理健康的独立危险因素。结论 社区居家失能老人口腔吞咽现状不容乐观,应重视社区层面上的失能老人口腔健康及吞咽功能评估,以尽早筛查并识别口腔疾病及吞咽安全风险,维持或促进其心理健康。

Current Status of Swallowing Function and Its Influence on Psychological Health of Community-dwelling Disabled Elders

Objective To investigate the swallowing function of community-dwelling disabled elders and analyze its influence on psychological health. Methods With convenience sampling method, 207 community-dwelling disabled elders were surveyed by questionnaires. Results The total score of oral health was 8.45±3.51 and the most prominent oral problems were the deficiency of natural teeth, poor oral hygiene, denture breakage or incorrect denture wearing. The swallowing function score was 3(1,9) andit was normal in 94 cases (45.4%) and abnormal in 113 cases (54.6%). The total score of mental health was 18.26±7.41, with 102 normal cases (49.3%) and 105 abnormal cases (50.7%). Oral health and swallowing function and psychological health were positively correlated with each other (P<0.001). Poor oral health (OR=1.155, P<0.05) and abnormal swallowing function (OR=4.155, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for mental health of the disabled elderly. Conclusion Swallowing function of community-dwelling disabled elders are not optimistic. We should pay attention to the assessment of oral health and swallowing function of disabled elderly in the community, so as to screen and identify oral diseases and swallowing safety risks in time, and maintain or promote their psychological health.